Jump to content

Lindiwe Sisulu

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lindiwe Sisulu
Sisulu in 2018
Minister of Tourism
In office
5 August 2021 – 6 March 2023
PresidentCyril Ramaphosa
Preceded byMmamoloko Kubayi-Ngubane
Succeeded byPatricia de Lille
Minister of Human Settlements, Water and Sanitation
In office
30 May 2019 – 5 August 2021
PresidentCyril Ramaphosa
Preceded byPortfolio established
Succeeded byPortfolio abolished
Prior cabinet offices
2001–2019
Minister of International Relations and Cooperation
In office
27 February 2018 – 29 May 2019
PresidentCyril Ramaphosa
DeputyReginah Mhaule
Preceded byMaite Nkoana-Mashabane
Succeeded byNaledi Pandor
Minister of Human Settlements
In office
26 May 2014 – 26 February 2018
PresidentJacob Zuma
Cyril Ramaphosa
Preceded byConnie September
Succeeded byNomaindia Mfeketo
Minister of Public Service and Administration
In office
12 June 2012 – 25 May 2014
PresidentJacob Zuma
Preceded byRoy Padayachie
Succeeded byCollins Chabane
Minister of Defence
In office
10 May 2009 – 12 June 2012
PresidentJacob Zuma
Preceded byCharles Nqakula
Succeeded byNosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula
Minister of Housing
In office
29 April 2004 – 10 May 2009
PresidentThabo Mbeki
Kgalema Motlanthe
Preceded byRob Davies
Succeeded byTokyo Sexwale (for Human Settlements)
Minister of Intelligence
In office
24 January 2001 – 28 April 2004
PresidentThabo Mbeki
Preceded byJoe Nhlanhla
Succeeded byRonnie Kasrils
Member of the National Assembly
In office
27 April 1994 – 15 March 2023
Personal details
Born
Lindiwe Nonceba Sisulu

(1954-05-10) 10 May 1954 (age 70)
Johannesburg, Transvaal
Union of South Africa
Political partyAfrican National Congress
Spouse(s)
Xolile Guma
​
(divorced)​

Rok Ajulu
​
(died 2016)​
Parent(s)Walter and Albertina
EducationWaterford Kamhlaba
Alma materUniversity of Swaziland (BA)
University of York (MA, MPhil)
Military service
AllegianceUmkhonto We Sizwe

Lindiwe Nonceba Sisulu (born 10 May 1954) is a South African politician. She represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly of South Africa between April 1994 and March 2023. During that time, from 2001 to 2023, she served continuously in the cabinet as a minister under four consecutive presidents. President Cyril Ramaphosa sacked her from his cabinet in March 2023, precipitating her resignation from the National Assembly.

The daughter of anti-apartheid leaders Albertina and Walter Sisulu, Sisulu was born in Johannesburg and attended boarding school in neighbouring Swaziland. After suffering prolonged detention without trial in 1976–1977, she left South Africa, aged 23, and joined Umkhonto we Sizwe in exile. She lived primarily in Swaziland and England until 1990, when she returned to South Africa during the negotiations to end apartheid. Elected to the National Assembly in South Africa's first post-apartheid elections, she became the inaugural chairperson of Parliament's Joint Standing Committee on Intelligence, and she went on to serve in Nelson Mandela's Government of National Unity as Deputy Minister of Home Affairs from 1996 to 2001.

Under President Thabo Mbeki, Sisulu served as Minister of Intelligence from 2001 to 2004 and as Minister of Housing from 2004 to 2009. Under President Jacob Zuma, she was Minister of Defence and Military Veterans from 2009 to 2012, Minister of Public Service and Administration from 2012 to 2014, and (returned to her former portfolio) Minister of Human Settlements from 2014 to 2018. President Ramaphosa appointed her as Minister of International Relations and Cooperation in February 2018, but her tenure in that position was brief: after the 2019 general election, she was moved to the newly created position of Minister of Human Settlements, Water and Sanitation. Finally, in a cabinet reshuffle in August 2021, she was demoted to Minister of Tourism, her last position in government.

Known for her "relentless" political ambition,[1] she campaigned for election to the ANC presidency ahead of the party's 54th National Conference in 2017 and its 55th National Conference in 2022. Her 2022 campaign was notable for its populist rejection of constitutionalism. Neither campaign received enough support to advance a presidential nomination. She did appear on the 2017 ballot as Ramaphosa's running mate, but David Mabuza won the deputy presidential slot. Sisulu has been a member of the ANC National Executive Committee since December 1997; she was re-elected to a sixth five-year term in December 2022. She also served four terms as a member of the ANC National Working Committee between 2003 and 2022.

Early life and career[edit]

The wedding of Walter Sisulu and Albertina Thetiwe in 1944 (with groomsmen Nelson Mandela and Anton Lembede)

Sisulu was born on 10 May 1954 in Johannesburg.[2] She had three elder brothers – Max, Mlungisi, and Zwelakhe – and a younger sister named Nonkululeko.[3] Their parents, Walter and Albertina Sisulu, were prominent anti-apartheid activists; Walter was the secretary-general of the African National Congress (ANC) in 1954, and he was sentenced to life imprisonment ten years later in the Rivonia Trial.[4] During her childhood, Sisulu therefore corresponded with her father by post; after the first moon landing, she wrote to tell him that she hoped to become "the first African woman in space" and he encouraged her to pursue her ambition.[5]

Having attended boarding school since childhood,[6] Sisulu completed high school outside South Africa at St Michael's School and Waterford Kamhlaba in neighbouring Swaziland. She graduated in 1973 with the Cambridge General Certificate of Education: Advanced Level.[7][8] She studied Latin in school, intending to pursue a legal education in Britain, but was a denied a passport. Instead, she enrolled in a history and politics degree at the University of Swaziland.[6] During this period, to her mother's disapproval, she became interested in Black Consciousness politics.[9]

Detention: 1976–1977[edit]

On 13 June 1976, at home in Johannesburg between semesters, Sisulu was arrested by the South African Police on suspicion of association with the banned ANC. She was detained without trial under the Terrorism Act for the next eleven months, held in jails at John Vorster Square, Hartbeespoort, Nylstroom, and the Pretoria Central Prison.[5][6] Under interrogation, she suffered electric torture, sexual torture, and isolation; she was also told, falsely, that her family members had died or been arrested.[6] Her father, himself still imprisoned, wrote a lengthy letter to Jimmy Kruger, the Minister of Justice, noting her depression and expressing concern that "the sins of her parents are being visited on her head".[5] Her mother later said that Sisulu was "terribly affected" by her torture.[3] She was released from detention in July 1977 and, shortly afterwards, she left South Africa to live permanently in exile.[5]

Exile: 1977–1990[edit]

After a sojourn with Ruth First in Maputo, Mozambique,[4] Sisulu joined Umkhonto we Sizwe, the exiled military wing of the ANC, later in 1977. Over the next two years, she received military training under its auspices, with a specialism in military intelligence;[7] according to her official résumé, she was admitted to the Order of the Red Star for her performance on a Soviet training course.[10] In 1980,[10] she returned to Swaziland, where she continued her work for the ANC and where she resumed her education: she completed her BA at the University of Swaziland, followed by diploma in education in 1980 and an Honours in history in 1981.[7][11]

She spent her early career in education in Swaziland, teaching at Manzini Central High School in 1981 and at the University of Swaziland's history department in 1982; she was also a sub-editor for the Mbabane-based Times of Swaziland in 1983.[7] From 1983 to 1984, she lived in England on an Oppenheimer Scholarship, completing an MA in history at the University of York's Centre for Southern African Studies.[10] She returned briefly to Swaziland from 1985 to 1987, working at Manzini Teachers Training College, but then went back to York to complete her MPhil.[7] Her MPhil thesis, completed in 1989, was entitled, "Women at Work and Liberation Struggle in South Africa".[11] According to her résumé, the degree was upgraded to a DPhil in the same year.[10]

Return to South Africa: 1990[edit]

Sisulu returned to South Africa in April 1990 amid the negotiations to end apartheid; her father, recently released from prison, met her at Jan Smuts Airport in Johannesburg.[3] For the next three years, she worked for the ANC, which had been unbanned by the apartheid government. She was personal assistant to Jacob Zuma, who was then the chief of the ANC's intelligence department, in 1990; the ANC's chief administrator at the Convention for a Democratic South Africa in 1991; and an administrator in the ANC's intelligence department in 1992.[7] Later in 1992, she worked briefly as a consultant to the UNESCO National Children's Rights Committee, and in 1993 she was the director of the Govan Mbeki Research Fellowship at the University of Fort Hare. In late 1993, she returned to ANC work as a member of Transitional Executive Council's sub-council on intelligence.[7]

Early political career[edit]

When South Africa's first post-apartheid elections were held in April 1994, Sisulu was elected to represent the ANC in the National Assembly, the lower house of the new South African Parliament. The Intelligence Control Act created Parliament's Joint Standing Committee on Intelligence in 1995 and she was elected to chair the committee.[7][12]

However, in June 1996 – less than a year into her tenure as committee chairperson – Sisulu was promoted to the position of Deputy Minister of Home Affairs in President Nelson Mandela's Government of National Unity.[7] She ultimately held that position from June 1996 to January 2001,[7] and she deputised Minister Mangosuthu Buthelezi, the leader of the opposition Inkatha Freedom Party.[13] While serving as Deputy Minister, Sisulu attended the ANC's 50th National Conference in Mafikeng in December 1997, at which she was elected for the first time to the party's National Executive Committee.[14]

Ministerial career[edit]

Intelligence: 2001–2004[edit]

After the 1999 general election, newly elected President Thabo Mbeki initially retained Sisulu and Buthelezi in the Home Affairs portfolio.[7] In January 2001, however, he announced a cabinet reshuffle which saw Sisulu join the cabinet as Minister of Intelligence, replacing Joe Nhlanhla.[15] In that capacity, in 2003, she established the Intelligence Services Council.[16]

In December 2002, the ANC's 51st National Conference elected Sisulu to a second term as a member of the National Executive Committee; by number of votes received, she was the 13th-most popular candidate of the 60 ordinary members elected to the committee.[17] She was also elected to the smaller National Working Committee for the first time.[18]

Housing: 2004–2009[edit]

Sisulu during a visit to Brazil in September 2009

After the 2004 general election, Sisulu was appointed as Minister of Housing in Mbeki's second cabinet.[19] She served in that portfolio throughout the Third South African Parliament of April 2004 to May 2009, through Mbeki's second term and the brief term of Mbeki's successor, President Kgalema Motlanthe. During Sisulu's tenure, the Department of Housing established the Housing Development Agency and prioritised the construction of new government housing.[20] Her work in the department attracted awards from the Institute for Housing of South Africa, in 2004, and the International Association for Housing Science, in 2005.[7]

N2 Gateway project[edit]

Sisulu's flagship housing project, launched in February 2005, was the N2 Gateway Project, an extremely ambitious pilot program to build housing in Cape Town in place of informal settlements.[21] It was highly controversial and met sustained civic resistance from those who were displaced during construction.[22][23] This opposition peaked in December 2007, when residents of the Joe Slovo settlement, who had been removed to Delft, launched a major occupation of the newly built N2 houses, leading to eviction proceedings in the Constitutional Court.[24] Sisulu was criticised for threatening publicly that residents who did not "cooperate" would be removed from the waiting list for government housing,[25] and academic Martin Legassick excoriated her for refusing to meet with the occupiers and, more generally, for failing to consult affected communities.[26]

While admiring Sisulu for "dreaming large", the Mail & Guardian said that, by the end of 2008, the N2 Gateway had become "the decomposing albatross around the minister's elegant neck", in large part because Sisulu's implementation of the project depended on "the forced removals of poor people to the periphery of cities".[20] The project ultimately yielded 16,740 homes at a cost of R2.7 billion.[27]

Polokwane conference[edit]

In December 2007 in Polokwane, the ANC held its hotly contested 52nd National Conference, at which former Deputy President Jacob Zuma (Sisulu's former supervisor in ANC intelligence) ousted Mbeki from the party presidency. Although most of Mbeki's cabinet failed to gain re-election to the National Executive Committee, Sisulu was re-elected as the seventh-most popular candidate;[28] she was also returned to the National Working Committee.[29]

Some observers, including R. W. Johnson, explained Sisulu's rise as a result of her having "quietly joined the Zuma camp" in the run-up to the conference, abandoning Mbeki;[30] according to Mark Gevisser, her relationship with Mbeki had soured during his second term, partly due to her perceived demotion from the Intelligence portfolio to the Housing portfolio.[31] Sisulu herself later said of the Mbeki–Zuma leadership contest that, "We didn’t know what we were doing; we were caught up in factions",[32] and that she had believed Zuma was "our best bet" to prevent Mbeki from winning an "unconstitutional" third term in the ANC presidency.[33]

Sisulu with American Deputy Secretary of State John Sullivan at a G20 meeting in May 2018

Defence and Military Veterans: 2009–2012[edit]

Pursuant to the next general election in April 2009, Zuma was elected as national president and appointed Sisulu to his cabinet as Minister of Defence and Military Veterans. In that portfolio she succeeded Charles Nqakula and was deputised by Thabang Makwetla.[34][35] Soon into her term, she received media attention for appointing Paul Ngobeni, a controversial lawyer and fugitive from justice in the American state of Connecticut, as her legal adviser. The appointment was criticised by figures inside the defence establishment,[36] as well as by the opposition Democratic Alliance (DA), which said it was part of a pattern of providing jobs for Zuma's "political friends".[37][38] Two years later, she was criticised for appointing Tony Yengeni to the committee of the South African Defence Review 2012.[39]

SANDF de-unionisation[edit]

The defining policy issue of Sisulu's tenure in the Ministry of Defence was her prolonged conflict with the South African National Defence Union (SANDU). The conflict began in August 2009, when striking SANDU members lodged a violent protest at the Union Buildings. Sisulu responded strongly,[40] sending dismissal notices to some 1,300 soldiers who were involved in the protest.[41][42] Although the dismissals were reversed in the following weeks,[43] Sisulu became committed to a policy of de-unionising the South African National Defence Force on the grounds that unionisation presented a security risk.[44][45] The Constitutional Court had affirmed the military's constitutional right to unionise in SANDU v Minister of Defence, but Sisulu said in December 2010 that she was prepared to undertake the necessary constitutional amendments.[46][47] In the interim, Sisulu and SANDU frequently traded public attacks; in one statement, she called SANDU "the greatest danger to national security" and "a union that spread lies to remain relevant",[48] and SANDU called for Sisulu to be removed from her office.[49]

Executive jet flights[edit]

Shortly after Sisulu left the Defence Ministry, the opposition DA launched a campaign to scrutinise her use of luxury jets for travel while she was Defence Minister. In October 2012, in response to a parliamentary question from the DA, the Defence Ministry reported that Sisulu had chartered 203 private Gulfstream flights, at a cost of over R40 million to the South African Air Force, between 2009 and 2012.[50] DA representative David Maynier called this "a staggering waste of public funds",[51] and the Congress of South African Trade Unions joined the DA in calling for an investigation.[52]

However, Sisulu strongly denied the Defence Ministry's account, insisting that she had only chartered 35 flights – the rest had been taken on VIP jets owned by the Air Force.[53] Sisulu asked her successor in the Defence Ministry, Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, to withdraw the original parliamentary response, leading to a series of mutual public recriminations between the two ministers; Sisulu ultimately laid a formal complaint against Mapisa-Nqakula and threatened to sue her.[50][54] The Ministry did withdraw its initial response, acknowledging that it was factually incorrect.[55]

In the interim, Sisulu also entered into a spat with Maynier; in November 2012, arguing with him about the flights during a parliamentary debate, she proposed that, "DA MP Maynier with his flea-infested body should rather sit down".[52] Sisulu's elder brother Max, in his capacity as Speaker of the National Assembly, ruled that this remark was unparliamentary and she ultimately withdrew it.[56] Maynier continued to pursue the issue over the next two years, maintaining that the expense of the chartered flights – now estimated at R11 million for 35 flights – was unjustifiable and "almost certainly" contrary to the ministerial code.[57] In September 2014, he accused the Defence Ministry of obstructing investigations into the expenditure.[58]

Public Service and Administration: 2012–2014[edit]

In June 2012, Zuma announced a reshuffle in which Sisulu became Minister of Public Service and Administration; she succeeded Roy Padayachie, who had recently died.[59] The Mail & Guardian reported that Sisulu was deeply upset about her transfer, which she perceived as a demotion.[39] However, within her first year in office, she negotiated a multi-year wage agreement with public sector trade unions and launched a new anti-corruption program under an "anti-corruption bureau";[60][61] in the latter regard, Corruption Watch named her its "hero of the week" for "showing political will".[62] Also during her first year, Sisulu made another controversial appointment, recruiting Menzi Simelane as a special adviser soon after the Constitutional Court questioned his integrity in a high-profile judgment.[63]

As the ANC's 53rd National Conference approached, Sisulu was touted as a possible dark-horse candidate to challenge Zuma for the ANC presidency;[64] she apparently had particular support from elements of the ANC Youth League.[65] However, when the conference took place in December 2012 in Mangaung, Sisulu stood only for re-election to her fourth term as an ordinary member of the National Executive Committee. She was re-elected as the third-most popular candidate, behind only Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma and Malusi Gigaba.[66] At the same time, she was re-elected to her third term on the National Working Committee.[67]

Human Settlements: 2014–2018[edit]

Pursuant to the May 2014 general election, Zuma appointed Sisulu as Minister of Human Settlements in his second-term cabinet – the same (now renamed) Housing portfolio that she had formerly held under Mbeki.[68] During just under four years in the position, she oversaw the establishment of both the Human Settlements Development Bank and the Human Settlements Ombudsman; though the department's performance in other areas was mixed, the Mail & Guardian concluded at the end of 2017 that she had "consistently proved to be a capable and hardworking minister".[69]

Sisulu with Argentinian Foreign Minister Jorge Faurie in May 2018

First presidential campaign[edit]

Ahead of the ANC's 54th National Conference in 2017, Sisulu launched a campaign to succeed Zuma as the party's president. She announced her candidacy on 21 July 2017 at Walter Sisulu Square in Kliptown, Soweto, where the Freedom Charter was adopted in 1955. She said that she intended to "cleanse the ANC and recover its original values".[70] Her campaign slogan was, "It's a must,"[71] and her campaign emphasised reversing the legacies of apartheid and patriarchy.[72][73] However, she was not a frontrunner in the race: though she was formally nominated to stand for the position by an ANC branch in the Eastern Cape, her family's home province,[74] an internal poll taken in July suggested that she had the support of about seven per cent of ANC members.[75] Her campaign ultimately cost over R1 million.[76]

During the campaign, Sisulu was openly critical of Zuma's leadership and called for the ANC to subject him to disciplinary action.[77] She also entered into a public spat with Gwede Mantashe, the ANC's secretary-general, as a result of an interview she gave the Dispatch in October 2017. In particular, the newspaper quoted her as having asked, "where was he when we were fighting for this freedom in exile and in jail, which he today is abusing for personal interests?".[78] Because Mantashe had been a trade unionist inside South Africa during apartheid, this remark was viewed as disparaging to the internal anti-apartheid struggle (as opposed to that waged from exile), and critics said that it supported perceptions of Sisulu as "out of touch and arrogant".[1] In response, Mantashe alluded to Sisulu's experience as a member of a "royal family",[79] and ANC Chief Whip Jackson Mthembu mocked Sisulu as "politically immature" on Twitter.[80]

When local ANC branches finished nominating candidates for the leadership positions, Sisulu did not emerge as a presidential candidate but was a popular candidate for the deputy presidency. Apparently in response to this, she announced on 14 December that she would drop out of the presidential race to stand as deputy president. She replaced Naledi Pandor as the running mate of Zuma's main challenger, national Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa.[81][82] The national conference began two days later at Nasrec, with the results of the leadership election announced on 18 December. Although Ramaphosa prevailed against Zuma, Sisulu was defeated for the ANC deputy presidency by the Zuma-aligned candidate, David Mabuza, who won 2,538 votes (54 per cent) against Sisulu's 2,159 (46 per cent).[83] She was, however, re-elected to the National Executive Committee as the 12th-most popular candidate,[84] and she returned to the National Working Committee as well.[85]

International Relations and Cooperation: 2018–2019[edit]

In the aftermath of the Nasrec conference, in February 2018, Ramaphosa replaced Zuma as national president. He appointed Sisulu to replace Maite Nkoana-Mashabane as Minister of International Relations and Cooperation in his new cabinet.[86] Soon after her appointment, she commissioned a comprehensive review of South African foreign policy, which was led by Aziz Pahad.[87] The Mail & Guardian commended her for "bringing a new energy" to the Department of International Relations and for being "an assured and charming representative of South Africa".[88] In November 2018, human rights advocates criticised South Africa's decision to abstain from a Third Committee resolution which condemned the Rohingya genocide in Myanmar,[89] but, soon afterwards, Sisulu announced that her department would reverse its position as part of a broader policy of taking a stronger stance on human rights issues.[90] Indeed, South Africa supported the same resolution when it appeared before the United Nations General Assembly.[91]

Sisulu was also in office when South Africa unilaterally downgraded its relations with Israel, replacing the South African Embassy in Tel Aviv with a liaison office. Sisulu announced this decision in a speech at the South African Institute of International Affairs in April 2019.[92] The South African Jewish Board of Deputies was strongly opposed to the move;[93][94] its vice-president, Zev Krengel, accused Sisulu of being "the single biggest enemy" of South Africa's Jewish population.[95] Later, in an October 2022 interview with SABC, Sisulu complained that she had been "left dangling alone" to field public attacks and had expected President Ramaphosa to defend her publicly.[96][97] However, her cabinet colleague Mondli Gungubele accused her of lying, saying that she had not expressed any discomfort at the time.[98]

Sisulu with American Secretary of State Mike Pompeo during the United Nations General Assembly in September 2018

Human Settlements, Water and Sanitation: 2019–2021[edit]

Pursuant to the May 2019 election, Ramaphosa restructured his cabinet, and Sisulu was appointed as Minister of Human Settlements, Water and Sanitation, in which capacity she oversaw the merger of the Department of Human Settlements and the Department of Water and Sanitation.[99] In November 2019, she launched the National Water and Sanitation Master Plan, which would aim to upgrade water infrastructure at a cost of R898 billion over ten years.[100] Critics described the policy as "a personal vanity project",[1] and City Press reported that it faced opposition within the cabinet and ANC parliamentary caucus.[101][102]

As in several of her previous offices, Sisulu was criticised for appointments she made in the portfolio.[103] In November 2019, she appointed Bathabile Dlamini – who had recently been sacked from the cabinet – as the chairperson of the Social Housing Regulatory Authority's interim board.[104] Another former minister, Susan Shabangu, was appointed to a ministerial advisory committee.[105] In January 2020, the opposition DA called for the Public Service Commission to investigate Sisulu's appointment of two other ANC affiliates – Menzi Simelane and former spy Mo Shaik – as special advisers;[106] Shaik resigned in the ensuing controversy.[107] ANC donor Jurgen Kögl was also a special adviser to Sisulu;[108] and another adviser, Mphumzi Mdekazi, was accused by the DA of inflating his travel expenses,[109] as well as of being a dictatorial presence in the department.[110][111] More seriously, the DA's Emma Powell alleged that Sisulu had made improper appointments to her department's new National Rapid Response Task Team, which Powell claimed was staffed mostly with Sisulu's political allies.[106] This allegation led to an investigation by the Public Protector, who ultimately found, in September 2023, that Sisulu had indeed exceeded her authority in appointing the task team.[112]

Tourism: 2021–2023[edit]

Sisulu remained in the Human Settlements, Water and Sanitation Ministry for just over two years before Ramaphosa reversed the merger of those portfolios in an August 2021 reshuffle. In the same reshuffle, he appointed Sisulu to replace Mmamoloko Kubayi-Ngubane as Minister of Tourism.[113] This was regarded as a substantial demotion for Sisulu.[114] The most prominent initiative under her leadership was a R1-billion proposal for SA Tourism to sponsor Tottenham Hotspur;[115][116] the proposal led to a clash between Sisulu and Parliament's Portfolio Committee on Tourism.[117]

Second presidential campaign[edit]

By the time of the August 2021 reshuffle, Sisulu was believed to be preparing to challenge Ramaphosa for the ANC presidency at the party's next conference.[113][118] In January 2022, in what was widely viewed as the inauguration of her campaign,[119][120] she published an opinion piece on IOL entitled, "Hi Mzansi, have we seen justice?"[121] The piece questioned the value to post-apartheid South Africa of constitutionalism and the rule of law, suggesting that these institutions neglected "African value systems" and concealed a lack of post-apartheid economic transformation. In a particularly controversial passage that some commentators described as an attack on the judiciary,[122] she described some senior black judges as "mentally colonised".[123]

The most dangerous African today is the mentally colonised African. And when you put them in leadership positions or as interpreters of the law, they are worse than your oppressor. They have no African or Pan African inspired ideological grounding. Some are confused by foreign belief systems. In America, these interpreters are called the House Negroes...
     Today, in the high echelons of our judicial system are these mentally colonised Africans, who have settled with the worldview and mindset of those who have dispossessed their ancestors. They are only too happy to lick the spittle of those who falsely claim superiority. The lack of confidence that permeates their rulings against their own speaks very loudly, while others, secure in their agenda, clap behind closed doors.

– Sisulu's January 2022 article on IOL[121]

The Acting Chief Justice, Raymond Zondo, held a rare press briefing to respond to and reject Sisulu's remarks, characterising them as an unsubstantiated "insult" to "all African judges".[124] During the ensuing controversy, the Presidency said that Sisulu had been called to a meeting with President Ramaphosa at which she had been admonished and had agreed to retract her remarks about the judiciary.[125] However, in what the Daily Maverick called "a show of unprecedented defiance from a Cabinet minister", Sisulu released her own statement disputing the Presidency's account and asserting that "I stand by what I penned".[126][127] Some observers speculated that Sisulu was attempting to provoke Ramaphosa into sacking her from the cabinet so that she could instigate a backlash against him.[128][129] In subsequent months, she continued to argue publicly for "reform" to the Constitution, and she argued that her original article had been misunderstood or deliberately misinterpreted.[130]

Despite this early stir, Sisulu's presidential campaign did not receive sufficient support from local ANC branches to appear on the ballot paper. At the conclusion of nominations in November 2022, she was nominated by only 66 branches, as compared to Ramaphosa's 2,037 and Zweli Mkhize's 916.[131] When the 55th National Conference began the following month, a delegate nominated her from the floor of the plenary to stand for the position of ANC treasurer-general; she accepted the nomination, but it failed to meet the requisite threshold of support from delegates.[132] Thus Sisulu stood only as an ordinary candidate for re-election to the National Executive Committee, which she won comfortably; she was the 52nd-most popular candidate of the 80 ordinary members elected.[133] She was not elected to return to the National Working Committee.[134]

Departure[edit]

In his next cabinet reshuffle on 6 March 2023, Ramaphosa sacked Sisulu from the cabinet, appointing Patricia de Lille to replace her as Minister of Tourism.[135] Sisulu announced soon afterwards that she would not serve as an ordinary Member of Parliament but would instead resign from the National Assembly.[136] She left her seat on 15 March.[137] She told the media that she looked forward to spending more time engaging in world politics.[138]

Personal life[edit]

Sisulu's first husband was South African economist Xolile Guma, whom she married in exile;[139] they had their first child together out of wedlock in December 1975.[4] After their divorce, she remarried to Rok Ajulu, a Kenyan academic who died of pancreatic cancer in December 2016 and with whom she also had children.[140] In 2022, Sisulu said that she had herself been treated for cancer.[141][142]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Butler, Anthony (30 January 2020). "Lindiwe Sisulu fumbles up and down the ladder to the top". Business Day. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  2. ^ "Lindiwe Nonceba Sisulu". South African History Online. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  3. ^ a b c Green, Pippa (1990). "Free at last". Independent. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  4. ^ a b c Sisulu, Elinor (15 September 2011). Walter & Albertina Sisulu: In Our Lifetime. New Africa Books. ISBN 978-0-86486-639-4.
  5. ^ a b c d Sisulu, Elinor (2007). ""Mrs Sisulu's husband": Subversion of gender roles in an African marriage" (PDF). South-South Exchange Programme for Research on the History of Development.
  6. ^ a b c d "The Torture of Lindiwe Sisulu" (PDF). Sechaba. 12 (2): 26–9. 1978.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Lindiwe Nonceba Sisulu, Ms". South African Government. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  8. ^ "New SA Defence Minister Lindiwe a Uniswa graduate". Times of Swaziland. 15 May 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  9. ^ Isaacson, Maureen (6 June 2011). "Sisulu: A life well lived". Independent. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  10. ^ a b c d "Lindiwe Nonceba Sisulu: Minister". Department of Water and Sanitation. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  11. ^ a b "Lindiwe Nonceba Sisulu, Dr". GCIS. 22 May 2006. Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  12. ^ "SA intelligence world in turmoil". The Mail & Guardian. 20 October 1995. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  13. ^ "Sisulu blacklists the 'stoplist'". The Mail & Guardian. 16 August 1996. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  14. ^ "51st National Conference: Report of the Secretary General". ANC. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  15. ^ "Mbeki reshuffles cabinet". News24. 24 January 2001. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  16. ^ "Spy council appointed". The Mail & Guardian. 20 June 2003. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  17. ^ "51st National Conference: National Executive Committee as elected". ANC. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  18. ^ "52nd National Conference: Organisational Report". ANC. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  19. ^ "Mbeki's cabinet list". News24. 28 April 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  20. ^ a b "2008 Cabinet report card — Part Two". The Mail & Guardian. 22 December 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  21. ^ "Red Bull and a big stick". The Mail & Guardian. 22 February 2005. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  22. ^ "N2 Gateway housing protest slams govt". The Mail & Guardian. 17 July 2007. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  23. ^ "Bulldozing the Gateway". The Mail & Guardian. 1 April 2007. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  24. ^ "Court to rule on N2 Gateway eviction". The Mail & Guardian. 2 January 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  25. ^ "Sisulu plan under fire". The Sowetan. 12 September 2007.[permanent dead link]
  26. ^ "Cape Town removals: Exchange of letters re Joe Slovo with Minister Lindiwe Sisulu". Labournet. 8 October 2007. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  27. ^ "Ministry Report Card: Department of Human Settlements". The Mail & Guardian. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  28. ^ "52nd National Conference: National Executive Committee as elected". ANC. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  29. ^ "Organisational Report to the 53rd National Conference" (PDF). ANC. 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  30. ^ Johnson, R. W. (2 April 2009). South Africa's Brave New World: The Beloved Country Since the End of Apartheid. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-195791-3.
  31. ^ Gevisser, Mark (6 May 2022). Thabo Mbeki: The Dream Deferred (Updated Edition). Jonathan Ball Publishers. ISBN 978-1-77619-199-4.
  32. ^ Cele, S’Thembile (21 May 2017). "Sisulu asks for forgiveness for Polokwane mistake". News24. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  33. ^ Gon, Sara (17 November 2017). "What does Lindiwe Sisulu have to show for her years in office?". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  34. ^ "Zuma's Cabinet: Those who didn't make the cut". The Mail & Guardian. 10 May 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  35. ^ "Statement by President Jacob Zuma on the appointment of the new Cabinet". South African Government. 10 May 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  36. ^ "Ngobeni to be SANDF's 'union buster'". The Mail & Guardian. 23 September 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  37. ^ "DA questions Sisulu's appointment of Ngobeni". The Mail & Guardian. 8 September 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  38. ^ "DA makes first hotline complaint". News24. 14 September 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  39. ^ a b Letsoalo, Matuma (13 June 2012). "Soldiers do cry: Sisulu weeps after Cabinet ambush". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  40. ^ "Sisulu slams 'irresponsible' Cosatu". The Mail & Guardian. 12 September 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  41. ^ "Sisulu sticks to her guns on soldier dismissals". The Mail & Guardian. 2 September 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  42. ^ "S African 'strike' troops sacked". BBC. 31 August 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  43. ^ "Ruling 'a victory for human rights'". News24. 9 September 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  44. ^ "Cabinet report cards 2010: Part 2". The Mail & Guardian. 23 December 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  45. ^ "Issue of defence unions a priority". Sunday Times. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  46. ^ Engelbrecht, Leon (6 December 2010). "Sisulu firm on de-unionising SANDF". defenceWeb. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  47. ^ "End to unions in SANDF imminent". The Mail & Guardian. 3 December 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  48. ^ Engelbrecht, Leon (24 May 2010). "Sisulu brands SANDU a danger to national security". defenceWeb. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  49. ^ "Defence union says Sisulu should be removed". The Mail & Guardian. 3 December 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  50. ^ a b "Ministerial jet fight intensifies". The Mail & Guardian. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  51. ^ "Lindiwe Sisulu's fancy flights pure indulgence". The Mail & Guardian. 9 November 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  52. ^ a b "Sisulu gives DA MP a flea in his ear on private jets question". The Witness. 13 November 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  53. ^ "Sisulu: I didn't fly that high". News24. 10 November 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  54. ^ "Ministers in spat over Gulfstream flights". The Mail & Guardian. 16 March 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  55. ^ "Answer about Sisulu's jet use withdrawn". News24. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  56. ^ "Sisulu withdraws 'flea-infested' comment". News24. 1 March 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  57. ^ "Sisulu's 'R11m jet bill' shows abuse of public money, says DA". The Mail & Guardian. 16 March 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  58. ^ "Defence dept 'obstructing' Sisulu flight probe". News24. 2 September 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  59. ^ "Zuma reshuffles Cabinet". Sowetan. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  60. ^ "Cabinet Report Cards 2012: Lindiwe Sisulu". Mail & Guardian: South African Cabinet Report Cards. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  61. ^ "Lindiwe Sisulu: A plan to catch the lesser spotted filcher". The Mail & Guardian. 1 February 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  62. ^ "Tough-talking Sisulu shows political will". Corruption Watch. 8 March 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  63. ^ "Simelane appointed special adviser". News24. 28 April 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  64. ^ Booysen, Susan (2011). The African National Congress and the regeneration of political power. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press. ISBN 978-1-86814-542-3.
  65. ^ "Zuma's grip on ANC weakens". The Mail & Guardian. 14 May 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  66. ^ "Results of the elections for the ANC NEC 2012 - PARTY". Politicsweb. 20 December 2012. Archived from the original on 22 June 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  67. ^ "Organisational Report to the 54th National Conference" (PDF). ANC. 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  68. ^ Hogg, Alec (25 May 2014). "Full List of Jacob Zuma's 2014 cabinet - all the Ministers and Deputies". BizNews.com. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  69. ^ "M&G Cabinet Report Cards 2017: Lindiwe Sisulu". The Mail & Guardian. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  70. ^ Mahlatse, Gallens (22 July 2017). "Lindiwe Sisulu launches presidential campaign to 'cleanse and save' ANC". News24. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  71. ^ "What Lindiwe Sisulu's campaign slogan says about her". Business Day. 27 July 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  72. ^ "Lindiwe Sisulu's Campaign For ANC President Is A Progressive Socialist Movement". HuffPost UK. 3 October 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  73. ^ "Know your candidate: Lindiwe Sisulu". Sowetan. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  74. ^ "Sisulu joins ANC's presidential race". Dispatch. 17 July 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  75. ^ Plessis, Carien du (25 July 2017). "ANC Leadership Race: Lindiwe Sisulu & Baleka Mbete set to go against Dlamini-Zuma, but are they to be taken seriously?". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  76. ^ "ANC presidential campaign debt haunts Lindiwe Sisulu". Sowetan. 21 April 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  77. ^ "ANC should initiate disciplinary action against Zuma – Sisulu". The Citizen. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  78. ^ "Sisulu takes aim at Mantashe". Dispatch. 16 October 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  79. ^ Gallens, Mahlatse (17 October 2017). "Mantashe disses 'royal' Sisulu as irrational". News24. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  80. ^ Madia, Tshidi (16 October 2017). "Mthembu slams Sisulu as politically immature and disappointing". News24. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  81. ^ Plessis, Carien du (14 December 2017). "#ANCdecides2017: Lindiwe Sisulu and David Mabuza to face off for No 2 position". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  82. ^ "Sisulu agrees to deputise for Cyril". Sowetan. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  83. ^ Rensburg, Alet Janse van (18 December 2017). "Here is the ANC's new top 6". News24. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  84. ^ "Here is the ANC's new NEC". Citypress. 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  85. ^ "ANC elects new national working committee". The Mail & Guardian. 20 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  86. ^ "New deputy president, finance minister announced in major Cabinet reshuffle". The Mail & Guardian. 26 February 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  87. ^ Fabricius, Peter (17 April 2019). "Pahad panel: Missteps noted, but no overhaul of SA foreign policy on the cards". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  88. ^ "Cabinet Report Cards 2018: Lindiwe Sisulu". Mail & Guardian: South African Cabinet Report Cards. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  89. ^ "SA prepares for a historic about-turn on human rights foreign policy". ISS Africa. 23 November 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  90. ^ Fabricius, Peter (23 November 2018). "South Africa will reverse its vote on Myanmar". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  91. ^ Fabricius, Peter (24 December 2018). "South Africa votes at the UN to condemn Myanmar for its abuse of minority Rohingya people". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  92. ^ "South Africa downgrades embassy in Israel to liaison office". The Jerusalem Post. 6 April 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  93. ^ Ngqakamba, Sesona (8 April 2019). "Embassy downgrade: Jewish board of deputies says Sisulu contradicts Ramaphosa". News24. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  94. ^ Haffajee, Ferial (17 May 2019). "Lindiwe Sisulu's downgrade of Israeli embassy could cost her top Cabinet job". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  95. ^ "South Africa ANC Backs Minister on Israeli Embassy Downgrade". Palestine Chronicle. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  96. ^ "SABC's Exclusive interview with Minister Lindiwe Sisulu: 'The President kept quiet'". SABC News. 30 October 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  97. ^ Fabricius, Peter (6 November 2022). "Ramaphosa hung me out to dry over SA Embassy in Israel, claims Sisulu". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  98. ^ Madisa, Kgothatso (13 November 2022). "Gungubele lashes out at Lindiwe Sisulu for her 'irresponsible, disgusting lies' about Ramaphosa". Sowetan. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  99. ^ "Full list – here is Ramaphosa's new cabinet". BusinessTech. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  100. ^ "Lindiwe Sisulu unveils master plan to tackle water woes in SA". Sowetan. 28 November 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  101. ^ Stone, Setumo (9 December 2019). "Lindiwe Sisulu faces backlash over R900bn water master plan". City Press. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  102. ^ "Sisulu hits out at detractors over R900bn water master plan". Dispatch. 13 January 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  103. ^ "Complaint: Sisulu in bid for presidency". The Mail & Guardian. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  104. ^ "Bathabile's back – as head of the housing board". The Mail & Guardian. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  105. ^ "Lindiwe Sisulu defends appointing former minister as new adviser". Sowetan. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  106. ^ a b Gerber, Jan (17 January 2020). "Sisulu appoints Menzi Simelane and Mo Shaik as special advisers". News24. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  107. ^ "No Mo: Shaik bows out". Business Day. 20 February 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  108. ^ Bega, Sheree (26 August 2021). "Sisulu and her adviser implicated in R4bn Cape Town development with Amazon as tenant". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  109. ^ "DA condemns 'fat cat' travel bill of Lindiwe Sisulu's former aide". Business Day. 9 September 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  110. ^ "Lindiwe Sisulu accused of flushing out officials blocking her adviser's pet project". Daily Maverick. 8 May 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  111. ^ "Insiders warn: appoint Lindiwe Sisulu and you get her controlling adviser thrown in". Daily Maverick. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  112. ^ Felix, Jason (14 September 2023). "Public Protector guns for Lindiwe Sisulu in scathing report over task team appointment". News24. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  113. ^ a b Booysen, Susan (5 August 2021). "Cabinet reshuffle: ANC Revolt 2021 forces Ramaphosa's boldest move". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  114. ^ "Editorial: Tourism needs capable fighter, not reluctant ministerial reject". Business Day. 11 August 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  115. ^ Davis, Rebecca (1 February 2023). "Outrage builds as Lindiwe Sisulu confirms Spurs agreement under consideration". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  116. ^ Davis, Rebecca (31 January 2023). "Inside SA Tourism's R1bn proposal to sponsor Tottenham Hotspur". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  117. ^ Ferreira, Emsie (8 February 2023). "Tourism portfolio committee tells Lindiwe Sisulu to bin Spurs proposal". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  118. ^ "Can Lindiwe Sisulu be the ANC's next president?". Business Day. 1 October 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  119. ^ Tandwa, Lizeka (21 January 2022). "Sisulu launches ANC president bid, but 'radical economic transformation' faction not convinced yet". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  120. ^ "Lindiwe throws a designer hat in the ring". Africa Confidential. 20 January 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  121. ^ a b "Lindiwe Sisulu: Hi Mzansi, have we seen justice?". IOL. 7 January 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  122. ^ "Civil society lambasts Sisulu's attack on the Constitution and the judiciary as 'dangerous and regressive'". City Press. 12 January 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  123. ^ "Body of advocates rejects Sisulu's attack on the judiciary". Business Day. 13 January 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  124. ^ Seleka, Ntwaagae (12 January 2022). "Sisulu crossed line with opinion piece not backed up by facts or analysis - Zondo". News24. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  125. ^ "Sisulu apologises and retracts 'hurtful comments' about SA judiciary". Business Day. 20 January 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  126. ^ Davis, Rebecca (21 January 2022). "Lindiwe Sisulu's F-you to Ramaphosa should surprise no one — here's why". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  127. ^ Etheridge, Jenna (20 June 2022). "UPDATE: Presidency stands by statement despite Sisulu saying Ramaphosa lied". News24. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  128. ^ Grootes, Stephen (23 January 2022). "2022: Lindiwe Sisulu's year of campaigning dangerously". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  129. ^ Butler, Anthony (13 January 2022). "Why we should pay attention to Sisulu's ambitions". Business Day. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  130. ^ Mawande, Amashabalala (21 June 2022). "Lindiwe Sisulu 'will not stop' attacking judiciary and constitution". Sowetan. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  131. ^ Makhafola, Getrude (22 November 2022). "How ANC branches shunned Dlamini-Zuma and Sisulu". The Citizen. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  132. ^ Merten, Marianne (18 December 2022). "Leadership nominations finalised after delays and horse-trading amid plentiful slate permutations". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  133. ^ "Full list: ANC NEC members". eNCA. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  134. ^ "Ramaphosa consolidates control over ANC with clean sweep in national working committee". The Mail & Guardian. 29 January 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  135. ^ Feketha, Siviwe (6 March 2023). "Lindiwe Sisulu, biggest casualty of Ramaphosa's Cabinet reshuffle". City Press. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  136. ^ Madisa, Kgothatso (14 March 2023). "Lindiwe Sisulu to resign as MP after axing as minister". Business Day. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  137. ^ "Lindiwe Sisulu resigns as MP, ending almost three-decade stint in parliament". Business Day. 15 March 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  138. ^ "The rock of global politics, former ANC MP spreads wings". IOL. 7 April 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  139. ^ "Xolile Guma: Senior Deputy Governor of the SA Reserve Bank". Sunday Times. 4 July 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  140. ^ Raborife, Mpho (7 January 2017). "You were not born for death my dear husband, Sisulu says in farewell message". News24. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  141. ^ "Lindiwe Sisulu: 'Jessie Duarte's cancer medicine is in my head, not my pocket'". IOL. 9 August 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  142. ^ Maako, Keitumetse (29 September 2023). "'I'm living with cancer': Lindiwe Sisulu shares heartfelt words at Zoleka Mandela's memorial". Life. Retrieved 5 June 2024.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lindiwe Sisulu.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lindiwe_Sisulu&oldid=1227756962"