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#REDIRECT [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] |
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{{short description|Head of state and elective constitutional monarch of Malaysia}} |
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{{redirect2|Yang di-Pertuan Agong|Agong|the gong|Agung|other uses|Agung (disambiguation)}} |
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{{Redirect category shell|1= |
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{{EngvarB|date=December 2016}} |
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{{R from alternative language|en|to=ms}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}} |
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{{Infobox official post |
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| post = Supreme Head of the Federation |
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| body = |
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| native_name = {{lang|ms|Yang di-Pertuan Agong}}<br />{{lang|ms-Arab|{{Script|Arab|يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ}}}} |
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| insignia = Arms of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.svg |
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| insigniasize = |
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| insigniacaption = Royal coat of arms |
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| insigniaalt = |
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| flag = Flag of the Supreme Head of Malaysia.svg |
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| flagsize = |
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| flagalt = |
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| flagborder = yes |
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| flagcaption = Royal Standard |
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| image = Sultan Ibrahim Ismail (48400998097) (cropped).jpg |
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| imagesize = |
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| alt = |
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| imagecaption = 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia |
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| incumbent = [[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor|Sultan Ibrahim]] |
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| acting = |
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| incumbentsince = 31 January 2024 |
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| department = |
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| style = [[Majesty|His Majesty]] |
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| type = [[Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional]] [[Elective monarchy|elective]] [[federal monarchy]] |
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| status = |
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| abbreviation = |
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| member_of = |
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| reports_to = |
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| residence = {{ubl|[[Istana Negara, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim|Istana Negara]] {{small|(official)}}|[[Istana Melawati]] {{small|(secondary)}}}} |
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| seat = |
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| nominator = |
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| appointer = [[Conference of Rulers]] |
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| appointer_qualified = |
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| termlength = Five years, non renewable immediately |
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| termlength_qualified = |
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| constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Malaysia#Article 32 – The Head of State|Constitution of Malaysia, Article 32]] |
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| precursor = |
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| formation = {{start date and age|1957|08|31|df=yes}} |
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| first = [[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan|Tuanku Abdul Rahman]] |
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| last = |
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| abolished = |
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| succession = |
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| deputy = [[Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] |
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| salary = [[Malaysian ringgit|RM]]1,054,560 annually<ref>{{cite act|type=Act|index=269|year=1982|title= Civil List Act 1982 |url=}}</ref> US$223,069.00 annually |
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| website = {{URL|http://www.istananegara.gov.my/|istananegara.gov.my}} |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Politics of Malaysia}} |
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The '''Yang di-Pertuan Agong''' ({{Literal translation|He Who is Made Lord}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38298610|title=Malaysia king: Sultan Muhammad V sworn in|date=13 December 2016|website=[[BBC]]|access-date=21 July 2018|archive-date=19 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019142639/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38298610|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]: {{lang|ms-Arab|{{Script|Arab|يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ}}}}), also known as the '''Supreme Head of the Federation''', the '''Paramount Ruler''', or simply the '''Agong''' and also unofficially as the '''King of Malaysia''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/content/150|title=MyGOV - the Government of Malaysia's Official Portal }} |
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</ref> is the [[constitutional monarch]] and [[head of state]] of [[Malaysia]]. The office was established in 1957, when the [[Federation of Malaya]] (now Malaysia) gained independence from the [[United Kingdom]]. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected by the [[Conference of Rulers]], comprising the nine [[Monarchies of Malaysia|rulers of the Malay states]], with the office ''de facto'' rotated between them, making Malaysia one of the world's few [[elective monarchy|elective monarchies]]. |
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The 17th and current Yang di-Pertuan Agong is [[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor]]. He was elected on 26 October 2023, at a special meeting of the [[Conference of Rulers]]; he took the oath of office and was sworn in at the [[Istana Negara, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim|Istana Negara]] on 31 January 2024. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's [[queen consort]] is known as the ''[[Raja Permaisuri Agong]]'', currently [[Raja Zarith Sofiah]]. The royal couple are styled in English as "His Majesty" and "Her Majesty".<ref>{{cite web |title=Her Majesty Raja Permaisuri Agong |url=https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/content/149 |website=Government of Malaysia Official Gateway |access-date=3 June 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602230403/https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/content/149 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==Constitutional role== |
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The ''Yang di-Pertuan Agong'''s role is that of a constitutional monarch. The [[Federal Constitution of Malaysia]] and [[Acts of Parliament]] made in accordance with it define the extent of his powers as the [[head of state]]. These are divided into two categories: powers exercised on the advice of the Cabinet or of a Minister acting under the general authority of the Cabinet, the Conference of Rulers, or some other officer or institution, and [[Reserve power|discretionary powers]]. |
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The Constitution vests the executive power of the federal government in the monarch. However, with few exceptions, he is bound to exercise this power on the advice of the Cabinet or of a minister acting under the Cabinet's general authority. In practice, most of the actual day-to-day work of governing is performed by the Cabinet. |
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The discretionary powers of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong pertain chiefly to appointing the [[Prime minister|Prime Minister]], withholding consent to dissolve Parliament, and calling meetings with the [[Conference of Rulers]] "concerned solely with the privileges, position, honours and dignities of Their Royal Highnesses". Under the [[Westminster system]], the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is expected to appoint a Prime Minister who will command the confidence of a majority of the ''[[Dewan Rakyat]]'', the elected lower house of [[Parliament of Malaysia|Parliament]]. Should the Prime Minister be or become unacceptable, he may be forced out by a [[vote of no confidence]], which would require the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to appoint someone else as Prime Minister or dissolve Parliament for an election. Conventionally, the Prime Minister is the head of the party with a majority in Parliament. This was the ''[[Barisan Nasional]]'' coalition from independence in 1957 until 2018, when the ''[[Pakatan Harapan]]'' coalition took office. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong renews the appointment of a Prime Minister after every general election until the minister decides to step down. |
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The Yang di-Pertuan Agong has discretionary powers to choose who he wants as the prime minister if no party has won a majority vote and is not bound by the decision of the outgoing prime minister (Article 40). It, however, does not afford him the right and authority to dismiss the prime minister. He also can dismiss or withhold consent to a request for the [[dissolution of parliament]] (Article 40).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://allmalaysia.info/2012/04/10/powers-of-the-king/ |title=Powers of the king. |access-date=19 December 2013 |archive-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219171042/http://allmalaysia.info/2012/04/10/powers-of-the-king/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He may discontinue or dissolve parliament (Article 55) but he can only dissolve parliament at the request of the prime minister (Article 43). He can reject any new laws or amendments to existing laws but if he still withholds permission, it will automatically become law after 30 days from the initial submission to him (Article 66).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~teh20y/classweb/worldpolitics/Constitutional.html |title=Constitutional Crisis, Crisis of 1983 |access-date=19 December 2013 |archive-date=16 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816174544/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~teh20y/classweb/worldpolitics/Constitutional.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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===Appointments=== |
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The King appoints numerous high-ranking office holders in the Federation under the terms of the Constitution and various legislative Acts passed by Parliament. The constitution established procedures for such appointments. |
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====The Cabinet of Ministers==== |
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* [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Prime Minister]], to preside over the Cabinet, appointed at his discretion from among the elected members of the [[House of Representatives of Malaysia|House of Representatives]] who in his judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that house – usually the party or coalition leader. |
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* [[Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia|Deputy Prime Minister]], Ministers and Deputy Ministers, while acting on the advice of the Prime Minister. |
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* [[Chief Secretary to the Government]] as the Secretary of the Cabinet, while acting on the advice of the Prime Minister. |
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====Commissions and committees==== |
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* The Election Commission, on the advice of the Conference of Rulers. |
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* The Judicial and Legal Service Commission, after consultation with the Chief Justice |
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* [[The Malaysian Public Service Commission]] at his discretion, after considering the advice of the Prime Minister and after consultation with the Conference of Rulers. |
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====Judges==== |
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* The [[Chief Justice of Malaysia]], on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Conference of Rulers. |
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* The [[Chief Judge of Malaya]], on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Conference of Rulers. |
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* The [[Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak]], on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Conference of Rulers. |
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====Senators==== |
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The King appoints 44 at-large senators to the ''[[Dewan Negara]]'', the upper house of Parliament. |
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====State governors==== |
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The King appoints the {{Lang|ms|[[Yang di-Pertua Negeri]]}} (Governors), of the states of [[Penang]], [[Malacca]], [[Sabah]] and [[Sarawak]], at his discretion, after considering the advice of the state's Chief Minister/Premier, for four year terms. The governor's term of office can be renewed also at his disrection. |
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By right, he also appoints the Mayor and City Council of [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |
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===Head of Islam=== |
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In addition, the King is the Head of [[Islam]] in the four states ruled by appointed Governors, in the three Federal Territories (Cities of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya and Labuan Island), as well as in his own state. In this role, he is advised by the State Islamic Affairs Council in each of the States. |
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The King appoints the chairman and members of each council. He also appoints the State [[Mufti]] (head) in each of these states. There is a single Islamic Affairs Council with jurisdiction for the three Federal Territories. Its members and chairman are appointed by the King, who also appoints the Mufti of the Federal Territories. |
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===Commander-in-Chief=== |
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{{Main|Commander-in-Chief of the Malaysian Armed Forces}} |
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In accordance with Article 41 of the Constitution, the King is [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[Malaysian Armed Forces]]. As such, he is the highest-ranking officer in the military chain of command, holding five star rank in its branches. |
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As the [[Supreme Commander of the Malaysian Armed Forces]], he appoints the [[Chief of Defence Forces (Malaysia)|Chief of Defence Forces]], on the advice of the [[Malaysian Armed Forces Council|Armed Forces Council]]. He also appoints the service heads of each of the three branches of the armed forces. |
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== History == |
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[[File:National Museum KL 2008 (119).JPG|thumb|Replica of the King's ''[[Regalia of Malaysia#Tengkolok Diraja (Royal headdress)|Tengkolok Diraja]]'' (Royal Headress), a part of the [[Regalia of Malaysia]].|227x227px]] |
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On 31 August 1957, having rejected the suggested title of ''Yang di-Pertuan Besar'' in favour of ''Yang di-Pertuan Agong'', the [[Conference of Rulers]] elected the first occupant of the federal throne. By seniority, the 84-year-old major general [[Ibrahim of Johor]], [[Sultan of Johor]] since 1895, was first in line, but he declined the office due to old age. The next in line, [[Abu Bakar of Pahang]], [[Sultan of Pahang]] since 1932, was rejected five times by his fellow electors and did not secure the necessary votes, in part because his various marriages to celebrities and cabaret dancers were seen as unbecoming of royalty – especially with the revelation (according to an oral interview with Tunku Abdul Rahman) of a surprise wedding to a [[ronggeng]] dancer and their honeymoon to [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]].<ref>{{cite book|page=141|title= Conversations with Tunku Abdul Rahman|author= Abdullah Ahmad|author-link=Abdullah Ahmad|location=Singapore|publisher= Marshall Cavendish Editions|year= 2016|isbn= 978-981-4634-14-4}}</ref> [[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan]], who had been elected to his state throne ([[Yamtuan Besar]]) in 1933, was elected King by eight votes to one. |
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The first Conference of Rulers after the formation of Malaysia comprised: |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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|+ First Conference of Rulers |
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!width=250 |Title |
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!width=450 |State Rulers |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Negeri Sembilan}} [[Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan]] |
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| {{small|Tuanku}} [[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan|Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad]] |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Selangor}} [[Sultan of Selangor]] |
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| {{small|Sultan}} [[Hisamuddin of Selangor|Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah]] |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Perlis}} [[Raja of Perlis]] |
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| {{small|Tuanku}} [[Putra of Perlis|Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail]] |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Terengganu}} [[Sultan of Terengganu]] |
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| {{small|Sultan}} [[Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu|Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin III]] |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Kedah}} [[Sultan of Kedah]] |
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| {{small|Sultan}} [[Badlishah of Kedah|Badlishah ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah]] |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Kelantan}} [[Sultan of Kelantan|Al-Sultan of Kelantan]] |
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| {{small|Sultan}} [[Ibrahim IV of Kelantan|Ibrahim ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV]] |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Pahang}} [[Sultan of Pahang]] |
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| {{small|Sultan}} [[Abu Bakar of Pahang|Abu Bakar Riayatuddin Al-Muazzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdullah Al-Mutassim Billah Shah]] |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Johor}} [[Sultan of Johor|Crown Prince of Johor]] |
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| {{small|Tunku}} [[Ismail of Johor|Ismail ibni Sultan Ibrahim]] |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|Perak}} [[Sultan of Perak|Paduka Seri Sultan of Perak]] |
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| {{small|Sultan}} [[Yussuff Izzuddin Shah of Perak|Yussuff Izzuddin Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Jalil Karamatullah Nasiruddin Mukhataram Shah Radziallah Hu'an-hu]] |
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|- |
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|} |
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== Election == |
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The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is formally elected to a five-year term by and from the nine rulers of the [[Peninsular Malaysia|Malay states]] (nine of the thirteen [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|states of Malaysia]] that have hereditary royal rulers), who form the [[Conference of Rulers]]. After a ruler has served his term as King, he may not stand for election until all rulers of the other states have also stood for election to the office and have served their office. |
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In the event of a vacancy of the office (by death, abdication, or deposition by a majority vote of the rulers), the Conference of Rulers elects a new office holder as King as if the previous term had expired. The new King is elected for a full five-year term by the Conference. After his term expires, it holds a new election, in which the incumbent would not be re-elected. |
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The position ''de facto'' rotates among the nine rulers. The selection of the candidate for the kingship initially followed an order based on the seniority (calculated by length of reign) of each ruler in 1957, at the [[Federation of Malaya]]'s independence from the United Kingdom. The Conference of Rulers, which has the power to disqualify a candidate, has sometimes varied the original seniority order, as noted above. Since then, the states have followed a ''de facto'' established rotation order. Minors are automatically disqualified from nomination and holding the office. |
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The Conference of Rulers has met regularly since 1985. The four governors ({{Lang|ms|[[Yang di-Pertua Negeri]]}}; the heads of states without hereditary rulers) also attend the Conference, but only Rulers are allowed to vote and stand for election for the office of King. |
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===Qualifications=== |
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* Only a ruler may be elected King. |
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* Only the rulers may vote for the nominated ruler. |
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The Constitution provides that a Ruler is not eligible for election as King if: |
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* The ruler is a minor. |
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* The ruler has notified the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal that he does not wish to be elected to the office. |
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* The Conference of Rulers by a secret ballot resolves that the Ruler is unsuitable by reason of infirmity of mind or body, or for any other cause, to exercise the functions of the office of king. The resolution requires that at least, five royal members of the Conference to vote in favour of it. |
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===Election proceedings=== |
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{{See also|Installation of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong}} |
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[[File:National Museum KL 2008 (124).JPG|thumb|Letter of Appointment of His Majesty, the XIII King of Malaysia Courtesy of the office of the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal, Conference of the Rulers of Malaysia.|315x315px]] |
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[[File:National Museum KL 2008 (122).JPG|thumb|Oath of Office of His Majesty, the XIII King of Malaysia, in English and Malay. Courtesy of the office of the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal, Conference of the Rulers of Malaysia.]] |
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The election is carried out by a secret ballot. The ballot papers used are not numbered, but marked with the same pen and ink, and are inserted into a ballot box. Only the Royal Rulers of the states participate in the election. |
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A ruler may appoint another Ruler as his proxy to vote on his behalf if he is unable to attend the Election Meeting. |
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During the election process, the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal distributes the ballot with only one candidate. Each ruler is requested to indicate whether the candidate is suitable or not to be elected King. |
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The most junior ruler, who is not listed as nominee for the office of king, or the outgoing King is appointed to count the ballot papers together with the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal. |
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The nominee must have obtained five votes before the ruler presiding over the Election Meeting informs him of his election to the office of King and asks him to accept the title. If the successful nominee declines the offer or the nominated ruler fails to secure the required majority votes for the office, the voting process is repeated with the nomination of the second most senior ruler based on the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong#Order of Seniority of States|list of Seniority of States]]. Rulers are named and stand for election in turn. |
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The process is completed only after a ruler has accepted the offer of the office of King by the presiding ruler. The Conference declares the elected ruler to be the new King to hold office for a term of five years. The ballot papers are destroyed in the presence of the rulers as soon as the result of the election is announced. |
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On taking office as King months after election, he appoints a [[regent]] for the duration of his five-year term for the state which he rules. Usually, but not always, the prince regent is a close relative. The regent acts as head of state in that state for every purpose except for the role of head of Islam, which is retained by the king. |
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===Order of seniority of states=== |
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Since the first cycle of nine kings (1957–1994), the order among the eligible state rulers has followed the order established by that cycle, namely: |
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# {{flagicon|Negeri Sembilan}} the [[Yamtuan Besar|Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan]] |
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# {{flagicon|Selangor}} the [[Sultan of Selangor]] |
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# {{flagicon|Perlis}} the [[Raja of Perlis]] |
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# {{flagicon|Terengganu}} the [[Sultan of Terengganu]] |
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# {{flagicon|Kedah}} the [[Sultan of Kedah]] |
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# {{flagicon|Kelantan}} the [[Sultan of Kelantan]] |
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# {{flagicon|Pahang}} the [[Sultan of Pahang]] |
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# {{flagicon|Johor}} the [[Sultan of Johor]] |
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# {{flagicon|Perak}} the [[Sultan of Perak]] |
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With Brunei's decision not to participate in the formation of Malaysia in 1963, only the rulers of the nine royal states of Peninsular Malaysia have been made eligible for election for the throne. Had it been admitted as a royal state the [[Sultan of Brunei]] would have been granted the right to stand for election as king by the [[Conference of Rulers]]. |
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This cycle was originally established based on seniority. However, the current Rulers are named (and stand as a candidate) according to the cycle, irrespective of whether they are currently the most senior. Since [[Independence Day (Malaysia)|independence from British colonial rule]], this has been the order of elected kings. However, the order is not a precedent and the election to the position and office of the king is at the pleasure of the Conference of Rulers. As an elective monarchy, there is no line of succession to the throne of Malaysia. |
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Four of the states of Malaysia currently have no hereditary royal rulers. These are [[Malacca]], [[Penang]], [[Sarawak]] and [[Sabah]]. [[Kingdom of Sarawak|Sarawak]] previously had three hereditary rulers (the [[White Rajahs]]) until it became a Crown Colony of the British Empire in 1946. |
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These four states, along with Malaysia's three [[Federal Territories (Malaysia)|Federal Territories]], do not supply the king. |
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==Immunity== |
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In 1993, [[1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia|amendments to the Malaysian constitution]] removed the legal immunity of the King and the state rulers in their personal capacity, due to public outrage over their behaviour.<ref name="Economist">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21715699-they-make-unlikely-saviours-malaysian-democrats-pin-their-hopes-countrys-royals |title=Malaysian democrats pin their hopes on the country's royals |newspaper=The Economist |date=26 January 2017 |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=4 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204110337/http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21715699-they-make-unlikely-saviours-malaysian-democrats-pin-their-hopes-countrys-royals |url-status=live }}</ref> A Special Court (''Makhamah Khas Raja-raja'') is established where civil and criminal proceedings can be made against a ruler with the approval of the Attorney General. The right to sue a ruler is limited to Malaysian citizens following a precedent. The Special Court also have jurisdiction where a ruler initiates legal actions against any party. |
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When a ruler is charged with an offence in the Special Court, he is required to stop exercising the functions of a ruler. In the event of a ruler being sentenced to imprisonment for more than one day, he will be forced to abdicate from his duties as a ruler unless a free pardon is granted.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/letters/2008/08/20/test-case-on-right-to-sue-sultans |title=Test case on right to sue Sultans |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219013209/https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/letters/2008/08/20/test-case-on-right-to-sue-sultans |archive-date=19 December 2019 |url-status=dead |date=20 August 2008 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref> |
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The King or any ruler cannot pardon himself or his immediate family. In such case, they may request clemency from the Conference of Rulers. |
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The King cannot be sued in court for his actions while carrying out his official duties. Any claims can be made against the federal government. |
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==Residences== |
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[[File:Kuala Lumpur Malaysia-Istana Negara-Jalan-Duta-01.jpg|thumb|right|[[Istana Negara, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim|Istana Negara]], the official residence of the King since 2011.]] |
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[[File:Istana Negara KL 12 2007 019.jpg|thumb|right|The compound of the [[Istana Negara, Jalan Istana|old Istana Negara]] at Jalan Istana, official royal residence of the King from 1957 to 2011.]] |
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The official residence of the King is ''[[Istana Negara, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim|Istana Negara]]'' (the National Palace) located in [[Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim]] in the federal capital [[Kuala Lumpur]]. It was completed in 2011. It replaced the [[Istana Negara, Jalan Istana|old Istana Negara]] in Jalan Istana which had been turned into The Royal Museum in 2013. Other residences include the royal retreat, ''[[Istana Melawati]]'' in the federal administrative capital [[Putrajaya]]. The two palaces alternate as a venue of meetings of the Conference of Rulers. |
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==Titles and style== |
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{{Infobox royal styles |
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|royal name = The King of Malaysia |
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|image = |
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|dipstyle = His Majesty |
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|offstyle = Your Majesty |
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|altstyle = ''Tuanku''}} |
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The King's official full style and title in Malay is {{lang|ms|Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong}}. |
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* {{lang|ms|Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia}} literally means 'Under the dust of the Almighty', referring to how the regal power of the King is dust compared to God's power and the ruler is always subservient to God. |
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* {{lang|ms|Seri Paduka Baginda}} refers to ''[[Shri|Seri]]'' as in a person. {{lang|ms|Paduka}} means victorious and the term {{lang|ms|Baginda}} is the Malay possessive pronoun for a royal in the third person. |
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* {{lang|ms|Yang di-Pertuan Agong}} in literal English is 'He who is made Supreme Lord'. It is an archaic term for a presiding head which is {{lang|ms|Yang di-Pertuan}} or literally means 'One who is made lord'. "Agong" (or {{lang|ms|Agung}} in standard [[Bahasa Malaysia|Malay]]) means 'supreme'. The term {{lang|ms|Agong}} is not translated, as in the [[Constitution of Malaysia]]. |
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Common English terms used in the media and by the general public include "Paramount Ruler", "Head of State", "Head of the Federation" and "Head of State of the Federation". The very common term "King" has also been conveniently used by the media and the public, although incorrectly as it is not an official or legal title of the federal ruler. |
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In [[Malaysian passport]]s before 2010, the title "The Supreme Head of Malaysia" was used in the English version of the passport note. Since the issuance of [[ICAO]]-compliant e-passports in 2010, the untranslated title "His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia" has been used. |
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In formal English correspondence, for many years the King was referred to as "His Majesty The Yang di-Pertuan Agong". In January 2024, this was changed to "His Majesty The King of Malaysia".<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1752538943097327911 |user=amerhadiazmi |title=According to Istana Negara, the Agong and Raja Permaisuri Agong are to be officially referred to as King and Queen of Malaysia. Foreign press has often referred to the positions as such for the benefit of our foreign audience, but I think this is first time it's made official? |first=Hadi |last=Azmi |date=31 January 2024 |access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref> |
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Formal address to the King is taken seriously in Malaysia. There are two ways of addressing the King: |
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* Malay: ''Tuanku'' (literally 'My Lord') |
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* English: [[Your Majesty]] |
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==Royal Standards== |
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The Royal Standard of the King is royal yellow with the [[Coat of arms of Malaysia]] in the centre, surrounded by a rice paddy wreath coloured gold - both are traditional royal colours in the peninsula. The same goes for the Royal Standards of the Queen and the Deputy King, but the designs are different. The Queen's standard is green in colour, with the coat of arms at the centre surrounded by the paddy wreath. The Deputy King's standard is bicolored, yellow at the top and light blue at the bottom, with the coat of arms at the centre (without the paddy) and below that is the office bearer's title in a gold scroll. |
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==Deputy King== |
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[[File:Personal standard of Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong.svg|thumb|Personal standard of the Deputy King of Malaysia]] |
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The '''Deputy King of Malaysia''' (Malay: ''Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong'') is elected by the same process immediately after the King has been elected by the Conference of Rules. The office is usually (but not always) held by the ruler next in line after the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The Deputy King exercises the functions of the head of state during the King's absence, or inability to exercise his functions due to illness or infirmity (similar to a [[regent]] in other countries). |
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The Deputy King does not automatically succeed as Yang di-Pertuan Agong when a vacancy occurs in that office. The Deputy King thus acts as head of state in the interregnum period before the election of the new Yang di-Pertuan Agong and Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong by the Conference of Rulers. |
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The current holder of the office of Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong is [[Sultan of Perak|Sultan]] [[Nazrin Shah of Perak]] since 13 December 2016, the first to hold it for three straight terms of office. |
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==Official Birthday== |
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The first Saturday of June, until 2015, was mandated by law{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong's official birthday. It is marked with various activities all over the nation and the celebrations in Kuala Lumpur are the highlights of the national festivities, with the celebrations of it from 2013 onwards lasting a whole week between two weekends. |
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After the installation of [[Muhammad V of Kelantan|Sultan Muhammad V]] as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong in 2017, the date for the official birthday was amended twice, first to the last Saturday of July,<ref>{{cite news |title=King's official birthday moved to last Saturday of July |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/04/26/kings-official-birthday-moved-to-last-saturday-of-july/ |access-date=9 June 2018 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |date=26 April 2017 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142239/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/04/26/kings-official-birthday-moved-to-last-saturday-of-july/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and then to September 9.<ref>{{cite news |title=PMO: Agong's official birthday moved from July 29 to Sept 9 |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/07/13/pmo-agongs-official-birthday-moved-from-july-29-to-sept-9/ |access-date=9 June 2018 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |date=13 July 2017 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142609/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/07/13/pmo-agongs-official-birthday-moved-from-july-29-to-sept-9/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This amendment was originally planned to take effect under the reign of Sultan Muhammad V until 2021, before his announcement to abdicate. In March 2020, it was announced that Yang di-Pertuan Agong's Birthday would be changed from the customary first Saturday of June (6 June) to the following Monday (8 June). From 2021, subsequent iterations of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong's birthday throughout [[Abdullah of Pahang|Al-Sultan Abdullah]]'s reign will fall on the first Monday of June instead.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yusof|first=Teh Athira|date=2020-03-04|title=Agong's birthday moved from June 6 to June 8 {{!}} New Straits Times|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/571660/agongs-birthday-moved-june-6-june-8|access-date=2020-08-26|website=NST Online|language=en|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030111343/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/571660/agongs-birthday-moved-june-6-june-8|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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The Official Birthday of Yang di-Pertuan Agong is recognized by law as one of the federal holiday of Malaysia. While it warrants government offices, including schools to be closed and banks and other offices would follow suit, most of it falls on Saturday which is the nation common weekend day so no additional leave day will be given and premises would already close for weekend. This is before the amendments put it as a weekday holiday instead. |
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===The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's Birthday Honours List Ceremony and Birthday High Tea=== |
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The Istana Negara in Kuala Lumpur serves as the venue for the annual Yang di-Pertuan Agong's Birthday Honours List and Address to the Nation ceremony attended by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and the Raja Permaisuri Agong, members of the Federal Government and Parliament, the state diplomatic corps, honoured guests and the Honours List members for the year, in the order of precedence of state medals. The event honours the year's national achievers and heroes with the awarding of state orders, medals and decorations and their accompanying titles. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong addresses the whole nation via radio and television on this day from the Throne Room of the palace complex. It is followed later by the traditional holiday high tea gathering at the palace grounds in the afternoon. |
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====Trooping the Colour==== |
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Trooping the Colour in Malaysia, although inherited from the British, has transformed into a grander and more Malaysian celebration on the first Saturday of June annually live on [[Kuala Lumpur]]'s [[Merdeka Square, Kuala Lumpur|Independence Square]], which is both open to invited guests and the general public. As the Supreme Commander of the Malaysian Armed Forces, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong takes the salute on this day together with the commanders of the three services of the Malaysian Armed Forces, the [[Joint Forces Command, Malaysia]] and the members of the [[Malaysian Armed Forces Council]], of which he is the chairman, plus military personnel and veterans in attendance. He wears the No.1 [[dress uniform]] on that day, and as each of the 8 state monarchs are Colonel-in-Chief of selected Malaysian Army regiments as well as of the Royal Malaysian Air Force and the Sultan of Selangor serves as [[Commodore-in-Chief]] of the Royal Malaysian Navy, he wears that regiment's coloured sash as part of his ceremonial uniform (for the Army), or the RMAF blue or RMN white No. 1 dress uniform. The 2013 edition was held on the second Saturday of June for the first time in its history, while the 2016 parade was held on the fourth Friday of July (22 July) for the first time in [[Putrajaya]], the national seat of government. |
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[[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] broadcasts the ceremony live, starting at 8:50am. |
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==Yang di-Pertuan Agong Scholarship== |
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In November 2006, the 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong awarded, for the first time, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Scholarship to ten outstanding students to pursue postgraduate studies at high-ranking world universities. The award of scholarships was held at the Istana Negara in conjunction with the Independence Day celebrations and the Conference of Rulers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news.php?id=227310 |title=10 Students Awarded The Yang Di-Pertuan Agong Scholarship 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102944/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news.php?id=227310 |archive-date=29 September 2007 |url-status=dead |work=Bernama |access-date=11 August 2009}}</ref> |
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==Lists== |
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===Yang di-Pertuan Agong=== |
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The following rulers have served as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parlimen.gov.my/yda-senarai-yang-di-pertuan-agong.html?uweb=yg&lang=en|title=List of His Majesty the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong|website=www.parlimen.gov.my}}</ref> |
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{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center; |
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|- style="background:#cccccc" |
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!|# |
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!|Image |
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!|Name |
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!|State |
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!|Reign |
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!|Time in Reign |
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!|Birth |
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!|Death |
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|- |
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! 1 |
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|[[File:HRH Tuanku Abdul Rahman Ibni Al-Marhum Tuanku Muhammad. The Tuanku Ja'afar Royal Gallery, Seremban.jpg|100px]] || [[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan|Tuanku Abdul Rahman]] || {{flag|Negeri Sembilan}} || 31 August 1957 – 1 April 1960|| {{ayd|1957|8|31|1960|4|1|df=y|duration=on}} |
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|| {{birth date|1895|8|24|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|1960|4|1|1895|8|24|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 2 |
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|[[File:Almarhum Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah.jpg|100px]] || [[Hisamuddin of Selangor|Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah]] || {{flag|Selangor|pre-1965}} || 14 April 1960 – 1 September 1960 || {{ayd|1960|4|14|1960|9|1|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date|1898|5|13|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|1960|9|1|1898|5|13|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 3 |
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|[[File:Agong3-222x300.jpg|100px]] || [[Putra of Perlis|Tuanku Syed Putra]] || {{flag|Perlis}} || 21 September 1960 – 20 September 1965 || {{ayd|1960|9|21|1965|9|20|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date|1920|11|25|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2000|4|16|1920|11|25|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 4 |
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|[[File:YDP Agong 4.jpg|100px]] || [[Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu|Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah]] || {{flag|Terengganu}} || 21 September 1965 – 20 September 1970 || {{ayd|1965|9|21|1970|9|20|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date|1907|1|24|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|1979|9|20|1907|1|24|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 5 |
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|[[File:Tunku Abdul Halim and Tunku Bahiyah in henna ceremony (cropped).jpg|100px]] || [[Abdul Halim of Kedah|Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah]]<br /> <sup>1st term</sup> || {{flag|Kedah}} || 21 September 1970 – 20 September 1975 || {{ayd|1970|9|21|1975|9|20|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date|1927|11|28|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2017|9|11|1927|11|28|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 6 |
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|[[File:Yahya Petra of Kelantan.jpg|100px]]|| [[Yahya Petra of Kelantan|Sultan Yahya Petra]] || {{flag|Kelantan}} || 21 September 1975 – 29 March 1979 || {{ayd|1975|9|21|1979|3|29|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date|1917|12|10|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|1979|3|29|1917|12|10|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 7 |
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|[[File:Sultan Ahmad Shah Al-Musta’in Billah ibni Sultan Abu Bakar Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mu’azzam Shah pada 1994.jpg|100px]] || [[Ahmad Shah of Pahang|Sultan Ahmad Shah]] || {{flag|Pahang}} || 26 April 1979 – 25 April 1984 || {{ayd|1979|4|26|1984|4|25|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date |1930|10|24|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2019|5|22|1930|10|24|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 8 |
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|[[File:SI Potret 0001 (4to3 portrait, closeup).jpg|100px]] || [[Iskandar of Johor|Sultan Iskandar]] || {{flag|Johor}} || 26 April 1984 – 25 April 1989 || {{ayd|1984|4|26|1989|4|25|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date|1932|4|8|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2010|1|22|1932|4|8|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 9 |
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|[[File:SultanAzlanShah (cropped).JPG|100px]] || [[Azlan Shah of Perak|Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah]] || {{flag|Perak}} || 26 April 1989 – 25 April 1994 || {{ayd|1989|4|26|1994|4|25|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date|1928|4|19|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2014|5|28|1928|4|19|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 10 |
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|[[File:HRH Tuanku Ja'afar Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.jpg|100px]] || [[Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan|Tuanku Ja'afar]] || {{flag|Negeri Sembilan}} || 26 April 1994 – 25 April 1999 || {{ayd|1994|4|26|1999|4|25|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date|1922|7|19|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2008|12|27|1922|7|19|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 11 |
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|[[File:President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo walks with His Majesty, the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia cropped.jpg|100px]] || [[Salahuddin of Selangor|Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah]] || {{flag|Selangor}} || 26 April 1999 – 21 November 2001 || {{ayd|1999|4|26|2001|11|21|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date|1926|3|8|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2001|11|21|1926|3|8|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 12 |
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|[[File:Sirajuddin of Perlis in 2018.jpg|100px]] || [[Sirajuddin of Perlis|Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin]] || {{flag|Perlis}} || 13 December 2001 – 12 December 2006 || {{ayd|2001|12|13|2006|12|12|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date and age|1943|5|17|df=yes}} || |
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|- |
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! 13 |
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|[[File:Tuanku Mizan 2011.jpg|100px]] || [[Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu|Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin]] || {{flag|Terengganu}} || 13 December 2006 – 12 December 2011 || {{ayd|2006|12|13|2011|12|12|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date and age|1962|1|22|df=yes}} || |
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|- |
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! 14 |
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|[[File:Abdul Halim of Kedah.jpg|100px]] || [[Abdul Halim of Kedah|Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah]]<br /> <sup>2nd term</sup> || {{flag|Kedah}} || 13 December 2011 – 12 December 2016 || {{ayd|2011|12|13|2016|12|12|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date|1927|11|28|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2017|9|11|1927|11|28|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 15 |
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|[[File:Sultan Muhammad V 2017.jpg|100px]] || [[Muhammad V of Kelantan|Sultan Muhammad V]] || {{flag|Kelantan}} || 13 December 2016 – 6 January 2019 || {{ayd|2016|12|13|2019|1|6|df=y|duration=on}}||{{birth date and age|1969|10|6|df=yes}} || |
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|- |
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! 16 |
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|[[File:Abdullah of Pahang in 2019.jpg|100px]] || [[Abdullah of Pahang|Al-Sultan Abdullah]] || {{flag|Pahang}} || 31 January 2019 – 30 January 2024 || {{ayd|2019|1|31|2024|1|30|df=y|duration=on}}|| {{birth date and age|1959|7|30|df=yes}} || |
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|- |
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! 17 |
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|[[File:Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_(48400998097)_(cropped).jpg|100px]] || [[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor|Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar]] || {{flag|Johor}} || 31 January 2024 – Incumbent || {{ayd|2024|1|31|df=y|duration=on}} || {{birth date and age|1958|11|22|df=yes}} || |
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|- |
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|} |
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===Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong=== |
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The following rulers have served as the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Deputy King of Malaysia) :<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/sejarah/senarai-timbalan-yang-di-pertuan-agong |title=Senarai Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong |access-date=14 April 2015 |archive-date=10 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510215332/http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/sejarah/senarai-timbalan-yang-di-pertuan-agong |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; |
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|- style="background:#cccccc" |
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! colspan="3" | Name |
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!|State |
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!|In office |
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!|Birth |
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!|Death |
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|- |
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! 1 |
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| colspan="2" |[[Hisamuddin of Selangor|Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah]]* |
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| {{flag|Selangor|pre-1965}} || 31 August 1957 – 1 April 1960 || {{birth date|1898|5|13|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|1960|9|1|1898|5|13|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 2 |
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| colspan="2" |[[Putra of Perlis|Tuanku Syed Putra]]* || {{flag|Perlis}} || 14 April 1960 – 1 September 1960 || {{birth date|1920|11|25|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2000|4|16|1920|11|25|df=yes}} |
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|- |
|||
! 3 |
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| colspan="2" |[[Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu|Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah]]* || {{flag|Terengganu}} || 21 September 1960 – 20 September 1965 || {{birth date|1906|1|24|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|1979|9|20|1906|1|24|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 4 |
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|[[Abdul Halim of Kedah|Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah]]* |
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|<sup>1st term</sup>|| {{flag|Kedah}} || 21 September 1965 – 20 September 1970 || {{birth date|1927|11|28|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2017|9|11|1927|11|28|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 5 |
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| colspan="2" |[[Yahya Petra of Kelantan|Sultan Yahya Petra]]* || {{flag|Kelantan}} || 21 September 1970 – 20 September 1975 || {{birth date|1917|12|10|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|1979|3|29|1917|12|10|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 6 |
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| colspan="2" |[[Ahmad Shah of Pahang|Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah]]* |
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| {{flag|Pahang}} || 21 September 1975 – 29 March 1979 || {{birth date|1930|10|24|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2019|5|22|1930|10|24|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 7 |
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|[[Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan|Tuanku Ja'afar]] |
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|<sup>1st term</sup>|| {{flag|Negeri Sembilan}} || 26 April 1979 – 25 April 1984 || {{birth date|1922|7|19|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2008|12|27|1922|7|19|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 8 |
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| colspan="2" |[[Azlan Shah of Perak|Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah]]* || {{flag|Perak}} || 26 April 1984 – 25 April 1989 || {{birth date|1928|4|19|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2014|5|28|1928|4|19|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 9 |
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|[[Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan|Tuanku Ja'afar]]* |
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|<sup>2nd term</sup>|| {{flag|Negeri Sembilan}} || 26 April 1989 – 25 April 1994 || {{birth date|1922|7|19|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2008|12|27|1922|7|19|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 10 |
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| colspan="2" |[[Salahuddin of Selangor|Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah]]* |
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| {{flag|Selangor}} || 26 April 1994 – 25 April 1999 || {{birth date|1926|3|8|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2001|11|21|1926|3|8|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 11 |
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| rowspan="2" |[[Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu|Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin]]* |
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|<sup>1st term</sup>|| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Terengganu}} || 26 April 1999 – 12 December 2001 || rowspan="2" | {{birth date and age|1962|1|22|df=yes}} || rowspan="2" | |
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|- |
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! 12 |
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|<sup>2nd term</sup>|| 13 December 2001 – 12 December 2006 |
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|- |
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! 13 |
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|[[Abdul Halim of Kedah|Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah]]* |
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|<sup>2nd term</sup>||{{flag|Kedah}} || 13 December 2006 – 12 December 2011 || {{birth date|1927|11|28|df=yes}} || {{death date and age|2017|9|11|1927|11|28|df=yes}} |
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|- |
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! 14 |
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| colspan="2" |[[Muhammad V of Kelantan|Sultan Muhammad V]]* || {{flag|Kelantan}} || 13 December 2011 – 12 December 2016 || {{birth date and age|1969|10|6|df=yes}} || |
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|- |
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! 15 |
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| rowspan=3 |[[Nazrin Shah of Perak|Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah]] |
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|<sup>1st term</sup>|| rowspan=3 | {{flag|Perak}} || 13 December 2016 – 31 January 2019 || rowspan=3 | {{birth date and age|1956|11|27|df=yes}} || rowspan=3 | |
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|- |
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! 16 |
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|<sup>2nd term</sup>|| 31 January 2019 – 30 January 2024 |
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|- |
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! 17 |
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|<sup>3rd term</sup>|| 31 January 2024 – Present |
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|} |
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<nowiki>*</nowiki> Denotes those who became the new Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) immediately following the end of their tenure as Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Deputy King). |
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==Timeline== |
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<div class="center"> |
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<timeline> |
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ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:25 |
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PlotArea = top:10 bottom:30 right:70 left:5 |
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AlignBars = justify |
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DateFormat = yyyy |
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Period = from:1957 till:2024 |
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TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal |
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ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1957 |
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ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:10 start:1957 |
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Colors = |
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id:canvas value:rgb(1,1,1) |
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id:ns value:orange |
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id:s value:red |
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id:prl value:yellow |
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id:t value:purple |
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id:kd value:green |
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id:ktn value:red |
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id:phg value:indigo |
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id:jhr value:blue |
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id:prk value:lime |
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id:eon value:blue |
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Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas |
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BarData = |
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barset:Rulers |
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bar:eon |
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PlotData= |
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align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 width:25 shift:(0,-5) |
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bar:eon color:eon |
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from: 1957 till: 1960 color:ns text:"[[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan|Negeri Sembilan ]]" |
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from: 1960 till: 1960 color:s text:"[[Hisamuddin of Selangor|Selangor]]" |
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from: 1960 till: 1965 color:prl text:"[[Putra of Perlis|Perlis]]" |
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from: 1965 till: 1970 color:t text:"[[Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu|Terengganu]]" |
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from: 1970 till: 1975 color:kd text:"[[Abdul Halim of Kedah|Kedah]]" |
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from: 1975 till: 1979 color:ktn text:"[[Yahya Petra of Kelantan|Kelantan]]" |
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from: 1979 till: 1984 color:phg text:"[[Ahmad Shah of Pahang|Pahang]]" |
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from: 1984 till: 1989 color:jhr text:"[[Iskandar of Johor|Johor]]" |
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from: 1989 till: 1994 color:prk text:"[[Azlan Shah of Perak|Perak]]" |
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from: 1994 till: 1999 color:ns text:"[[Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan|Negeri Sembilan]]" |
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from: 1999 till: 2001 color:s text:"[[Salahuddin of Selangor|Selangor]]" |
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from: 2001 till: 2006 color:prl text:"[[Sirajuddin of Perlis|Perlis]]" |
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from: 2006 till: 2011 color:t text:"[[[Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu|Terengganu]]" |
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from: 2011 till: 2016 color:kd text:"[[Abdul Halim of Kedah|Kedah]]" |
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from: 2016 till: 2019 color:ktn text:"[[Muhammad V of Kelantan|Kelantan]]" |
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from: 2019 till: 2024 color:phg text:"[[Abdullah of Pahang|Pahang]]" |
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from: 2024 till: end color:jhr text:"[[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor|Johor]]" |
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width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till |
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barset:Rulers |
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from: 1957 till: 1960 color:ns text:"[[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan|Tuanku Abdul Rahman]]" |
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from: 1960 till: 1960 color:s text:"[[Hisamuddin of Selangor|Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah]]" |
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from: 1960 till: 1965 color:prl text:"[[Putra of Perlis|Tuanku Syed Putra]]" |
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from: 1965 till: 1970 color:t text:"[[Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu|Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah]]" |
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from: 1970 till: 1975 color:kd text:"[[Abdul Halim of Kedah|Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah]]" |
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from: 1975 till: 1979 color:ktn text:"[[Yahya Petra of Kelantan|Sultan Yahya Petra]]" |
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from: 1979 till: 1984 color:phg text:"[[Ahmad Shah of Pahang|Sultan Ahmad Shah]]" |
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from: 1984 till: 1989 color:jhr text:"[[Iskandar of Johor|Sultan Iskandar]]" |
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from: 1989 till: 1994 color:prk text:"[[Azlan Shah of Perak|Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah]]" |
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from: 1994 till: 1999 color:ns text:"[[Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan|Tuanku Ja'afar]]" |
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from: 1999 till: 2001 color:s text:"[[Salahuddin of Selangor|Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah]]" |
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from: 2001 till: 2006 color:prl text:"[[Sirajuddin of Perlis|Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin]]" |
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from: 2006 till: 2011 color:t text:"[[[Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu|Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin]]" |
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from: 2011 till: 2016 color:kd text:"[[Abdul Halim of Kedah|Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah]]" |
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from: 2016 till: 2019 color:ktn text:"[[Muhammad V of Kelantan|Sultan Muhammad V]]" |
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from: 2019 till: 2024 color:phg text:"[[Abdullah of Pahang|Al-Sultan Abdullah]]" |
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from: 2024 till: end color:jhr text:"[[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor|Sultan Ibrahim Ismail]]" |
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barset:skip |
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LineData = |
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layer:front |
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</timeline> |
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</div> |
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{{-}} |
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==See also== |
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{{Portal|Monarchy|Malaysia|Politics|Royalty}} |
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* [[List of current monarchs of sovereign states]] |
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* [[Malay titles]] |
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* [[Regalia of Malaysia]] |
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* {{section link|Official state car|Malaysia}} |
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* ''[[O le Ao o le Malo]]'' of Samoa |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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* Visu Sinnadurai, "His Majesty Sultan Azlan Shah: The Yang di-Pertuan Agong IX Malaysia", ''The Supreme Court Journal'', Kuala Lumpur, {{ISSN|0128-066X}}. (Special issue to commemorate the installation of His Majesty Sultan Azlan Shah as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong IX Malaysia, with a lengthy description of the functions of the office.) |
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==External links== |
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{{wikisourcepar|Constitution of Malaysia#Chapter_1_-_The_Supreme_Head|Constitution of Malaysia: Part IV – The Federation – Chapter 1 – The Supreme Head}} |
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* [https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/content/150 His Majesty The Yang Di-Pertuan Agong] on Malaysian government website |
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* [http://www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my/portal_bi/home.htm Malaysia National Library's Yang di-Pertuan Agong] page |
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{{Yang di-Pertuan Agong|state=expanded}} |
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{{Malaysia topics}} |
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{{Southeast Asian leaders}} |
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[[Category:Monarchs of Malaysia| ]] |
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[[Category:1957 establishments in Malaya]] |
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[[Category:Federal political office-holders in Malaysia]] |
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[[Category:Field marshals]] |
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[[Category:Government of Malaysia]] |
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[[Category:Heads of state in Asia]] |
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[[Category:Lists of political office-holders in Malaysia|Yang di Pertuan Agong]] |
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[[Category:Monarchies of Malaysia]] |
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[[Category:Malaysian nobility]] |
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[[Category:Noble titles of Malaysia]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Darjah Kerabat Diraja Malaysia]] |
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[[Category:Royal titles]] |
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[[Category:Malaysian royalty]] |
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Revision as of 08:46, 4 May 2024
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