Pollock roe: Difference between revisions

Salted Alaska pollock roe
Salted Alaska pollock roe
Korean name
Hangul	명란젓
Hanja	明卵-
Literal meaning	Alaska pollock roe jeotgal
Revised Romanization
Transcriptions
Revised Romanization	myeongnan-jeot
McCune–Reischauer	myŏngnan-chŏt
Japanese name
Kanji	鱈子／（辛子）明太子
Kana	たらこ／（からし）めんたいこ
Revised Hepburn
Transcriptions
Revised Hepburn	tarako / (karashi-)mentaiko
Russian name
Russian	икра минтая
Romanization	ikra mintaya

Myeongnan-jeot
Alternative names	Myeongnan; Myeongnan-jeot; Tarako; Mentaiko; Ikra mintaya
Type	Jeotgal
Course	Banchan
Place of origin	Korea
Associated cuisine	Korean cuisine; Japanese cuisine; Russian cuisine
Main ingredients	Roe of Alaska pollock
	Media: Myeongnan-jeot;

Alaska pollock roe
Alaska pollock roe
	Alaska pollack's liver (top, center), roe (left), and milt (bottom)
Korean name
Hangul	명란
Hanja	明卵
Literal meaning	Alaska pollock roe
Revised Romanization
Transcriptions
Revised Romanization	myeongnan
McCune–Reischauer	myŏngnan
Japanese name
Kanji	鱈子
Kana	たらこ
Revised Hepburn
Transcriptions
Revised Hepburn	tarako
Russian name
Russian	икра минтая
Romanization	ikra mintaya

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Pollock roe, also pollack roe (also known as myeongnan and tarako) is the roe of Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) which, despite its name, is a species of cod. Salted pollock roe is a popular culinary ingredient in Korean, Japanese, and Russian cuisines.

Names[edit]

The purely Korean name for pollock, myeongtae had been assigned the Chinese character form 明太, which can be read as mentai in Japanese. But while the Japanese borrowed this name from Korean and called it mentaiko,^[1] the term does not retain the originally meaning of plain raw roe, but specifically refers the chili pepper-added cured roe, while salt-cured only types are called tarako.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Korean[edit]

As aforementioned, Alaska pollock in Korean is myeongtae (명태,明太), hence pollock roe is myeongnan (명란,明卵), a contracted form of the compound with +ran or +nan (란,卵) meaning "egg (roe)".

The salted roe dish is called myeongnan-jeot (명란젓), being considered a type of jeot (젓) or jeotgal, which is a category of salted seafood.

Japanese[edit]

In Japanese, (salted) pollock roe is called tarako (鱈子),^[2]^[3] though it literally means 'cod roe',^[a] while true cod roe is distinguished by calling it hontarako.^[4]^[5] The pollock roe, also known as momijiko, are usually salted and dyed red.^[4]^[5]^[b]

Pollock roe cured with red chili pepper are 明太子 (mentaiko);^[5]^[2] to put it another way, mentaiko refers to chili-laced versions of tarako, generally speaking,^[1] even if not qualified as karashi-mentaiko with the prefix meaning 'chili'.^[c]

Russian[edit]

In Russian, pollock roe is called ikra mintaya (икра минтая). The word is also used to referred to the salted roe. The Russian word ikra (икра) means "roe" and mintaya (минтая) is the singular genitive form of mintay (минтай), which means Alaska pollock. The word is also derived from its Korean cognate, myeongtae (명태).

History[edit]

Korea[edit]

Koreans have been enjoying pollock roe since the Joseon era (1392–1897). One of the earliest mentions are from Diary of the Royal Secretariat, where a 1652 entry stated: "The management administration should be strictly interrogated for bringing in pollock roe instead of cod roe."^[6] Recipe for salted pollock roe is found in a 19th-century cookbook, Siuijeonseo.

Japan[edit]

A 1696 Japanese book records the use of Alaska pollock's roe in Northern land.^[7]

The dish mentaiko originates from Korea, but after more than 100 years of modification, most of the pollack roe consumed in Japan is Japanese mentaiko.^[8] ^[9] ^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] Toshio Kawahara (川原俊夫, Kawahara Toshio), who was born in the city of Busan, Korea during the Japanese occupation, founded the oldest mentaiko company in Japan called "Aji no Mentaiko Fukuya" (ja:ふくや) after World War II. He made several modifications to myeongnan-jeot to adapt to Japanese tastes and introduced it to Japan as "Karashi mentaiko" (ja:辛子明太子), its popular name is "mentaiko". The milder, less spicy version is called tarako (鱈子) in Japan. Eventually, Mentaiko is quite different from Korean myeongnan-jeot, and so much more is consumed. And Japan's mentaiko is also imported back to Korea.^[8]

Consumption[edit]

Korea[edit]

Traditionally, myeongnan-jeot was made before dongji (winter solstice). Intact skeins of Alaska pollock roe are washed carefully with salt water, then salted in a sokuri (bamboo basket). The ratio of salt to roe ranges from less than 5:100 to more than 15:100. After 2–3 days, salted and drained roe is marinated for at least a day with fine gochutgaru (chilli powder) and finely minced garlic. myeongnan-jeot is usually served with sesame seeds or some drops of sesame oil.

Myeongnan-jeot, whether raw, dried, and/or cooked, is a common banchan (side dish) and anju (food served with alcoholic beverages). It is also used in a variety of dishes, such as gyeran-jjim (steamed egg), bokkeum-bap (fried rice), and recently in Korean-style Italian pasta dishes.

Myeongnan-jeot is a specialty of South Hamgyong Province of North Korea, and Gangwon Province and Busan of South Korea.

Myeongnan-jeot sold in a market
Vacuum-packed myeongnan-jeot
Heavily seasoned myeongnan-jeot
Myeongnan-jeot-muchim (salted pollock roe salad)
Myeongnan-jeot-gyeran-mari (rolled omelette with salted pollock roe)
Myeongnnan-jeot in jjigae (stew)
Myeongnan-jeot pizza

Japan[edit]

Mentaiko, adapted from Korean myeongnan-jeot,^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] hence the name mentai (derived from the Korean myeongtae, 명태, 明太, meaning pollack) + ko (Korean 알, 子, meaning baby/roe), is common in Japan. It is made in a variety of flavors and colors and is available at airports and main train stations. It is usually eaten with onigiri, but is also enjoyed by itself with sake. A common variety is spicy mentaiko (辛子明太子, karashi mentaiko). It is a product of the Hakata ward of Fukuoka City. Milder version is called tarako (鱈子),

Recently in Japan, mentaiko pasta has become common. Mentaiko is mixed with butter or mayonnaise and used as a sauce for spaghetti. Thin strips of Nori (海苔) and Shiso leaves are often sprinkled on top.

Mentaiko was nominated as Japan's number one side dish in the Japanese weekly magazine, Shūkan Bunshun.^[15]

Tarako is served in a number of ways: plain (usually for breakfast),^[16] as a filling for onigiri, and as a pasta sauce (usually with nori). Traditionally, tarako was dyed bright red, but recent concerns about the safety of food coloring have all but eliminated that custom.^[16] In Kyūshū, tarako is commonly served with red chili pepper flakes.

Tarako
Mentaiko
Baked mentaiko
Mentaiko-chazuke
Mentaiko spaghetti
Tarako spaghetti

Russia[edit]

In Russia, pollock roe is consumed as a sandwich spread. The product, resembling liquid paste due to the small size of eggs and oil added, is sold as canned food.

As mentioned above, in Russian, the word for pollock roe is the same as for the caviar: "ikra". The same goes to a dish, known to the French as "caviar d'aubergine": "кабачковая икра", although it's a spread made of eggplants.

To make the pollock roe taste in a caviar-like way, one should make a butterbrot first e.g. to apply butter to the bread before adding the canned pollock roe. This will smoothen the excessive saltiness of the canned roe.

An open sandwich with canned roe
A piece of similar bread with less roe used since Ikra mintaya (canned roe) is rather salty.

Explanatory notes[edit]

^ i.e., tara (鱈, 'cod's') ko (子, 'child'), however, since pollock bears the name suketōdara (介党鱈) it is linguistically understood to be subtype of the tara or 'cod', so this is not exactly a misnomer in the Japanese language.
^ Whereas hontarako is usually sold raw, to be made into nitsuke (simmered or braise) or made into the soy sauce preserved tsukudani.^[5]
^ That is to say, the sources treat mentaiko and karashi-mentaiko are synonyms, and thus interchangeable. Note that 'chili' is more formally tōgarashi^[3] = tō 'foreign, Chinese' + karashi 'mustard'.^[2]^[3]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c Sugimoto, Tsutomu [in Japanese] (2005). Gogenkai 語源海 (in Japanese). Tokyo Shoseki. p. 288. ISBN 4487797438.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Uchida, Hirotsugu; Watanobe, Masamichi (2008). "Walleye pollack (Suketoudara) fishery managemnt in the Hiyama region of Hokkaido, Japan". In Townsend, R.; Shotton, R.; Uchida, H. (eds.). Case Studies in Fisheries Self-governance. Food & Agriculture Org. p. 163. ISBN 9789251058978.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Mouritsen, Ole G. [in Danish]; Styrbæk, Klavs (2023). Rogn: Meget mere end rogn. Gyldendal A/S. ISBN 9788702392029. karashi-mentaiko (mentaiko) - krydret variant af tarako, som er saltet torskerogn.. med.. japansk chili (togarashi) [karashi-mentaiko (mentaiko) - spicy variant of tarako, which is salted cod roe...with.. Japanese chili (togarashi).]
^ ^a ^b OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2009). "Caviar substitutes". Multilingual Dictionary of Fish and Fish Products. John Wiley & Sons. p. 39. ISBN 9781444319422.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Koizumi, Takeo [in Japanese] (2002). Shoku to nihonjin no chie 食と日本人の知恵 (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. pp. 401, 662. ISBN 9784006030520.
^ Cha, Sang-eun (12 September 2015). "A hit abroad, pollock roe is rallying at home". Korea Joongang Daily. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
^ "遠藤元閑（1696年）『茶湯献立指南』、「鱈の子は北国より出る名物也」" (JPG). Archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
^ ^a ^b "I asked store owner of Fukuya why the mentaiko is a local specialty of Hakata". dailyportalz. 2 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Mentaiko and the Japanese People". JACAR Newsletter. 4 February 2016. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Busan, the City of Pollock Roe". Lotte Hotel Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Fukuoka Food Guide". japan-guide.com. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
^ ^a ^b Preston Matt (27 October 2015). The Simple Secrets to Cooking Everything Better. Plum. ISBN 9781743547618. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
^ ^a ^b Yuto Omura (28 July 2021). "Japanese Mentaiko Pasta (Cod Roe Spaghetti)". Sudachi Recipes. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
^ ^a ^b Grace Keh (18 September 2014). "Mentaiko Spaghetti Recipe (明太子)". Sffood.net. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
^ Ahn Min-jeong (6 May 2011). "일본인 좋아하는 밥반찬에 한국의 그것?". JPNews. Archived from the original on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
^ ^a ^b Ashkenazi, Michael; Jacob, Jeanne (2003). Food Culture in Japan. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 58–9. ISBN 0-313-32438-7. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.

External links[edit]

Media related to Pollock roe at Wikimedia Commons

[4] .e., tara (鱈, 'cod's') ko (子, 'child'), however, since pollock bears the name suketōdara (介党鱈) it is linguistically understood to be subtype of the tara or 'cod', so this is not exactly a misnomer in the Japanese language.

[7] Whereas hontarako is usually sold raw, to be made into nitsuke (simmered or braise) or made into the soy sauce preserved tsukudani.^[5]

[8] That is to say, the sources treat mentaiko and karashi-mentaiko are synonyms, and thus interchangeable. Note that 'chili' is more formally tōgarashi^[3] = tō 'foreign, Chinese' + karashi 'mustard'.^[2]^[3]

[sugimoto2005-1] Sugimoto, Tsutomu [in Japanese] (2005). Gogenkai 語源海 (in Japanese). Tokyo Shoseki. p. 288. ISBN 4487797438.

[uchida&watanobe2008-2] Uchida, Hirotsugu; Watanobe, Masamichi (2008). "Walleye pollack (Suketoudara) fishery managemnt in the Hiyama region of Hokkaido, Japan". In Townsend, R.; Shotton, R.; Uchida, H. (eds.). Case Studies in Fisheries Self-governance. Food & Agriculture Org. p. 163. ISBN 9789251058978.

[mouritsen&styrbaek2023-3] Mouritsen, Ole G. [in Danish]; Styrbæk, Klavs (2023). Rogn: Meget mere end rogn. Gyldendal A/S. ISBN 9788702392029. karashi-mentaiko (mentaiko) - krydret variant af tarako, som er saltet torskerogn.. med.. japansk chili (togarashi) [karashi-mentaiko (mentaiko) - spicy variant of tarako, which is salted cod roe...with.. Japanese chili (togarashi).]

[oecd-dict-caviar-subst-5] OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2009). "Caviar substitutes". Multilingual Dictionary of Fish and Fish Products. John Wiley & Sons. p. 39. ISBN 9781444319422.

[koizumi2002-6] Koizumi, Takeo [in Japanese] (2002). Shoku to nihonjin no chie 食と日本人の知恵 (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. pp. 401, 662. ISBN 9784006030520.

[9] Cha, Sang-eun (12 September 2015). "A hit abroad, pollock roe is rallying at home". Korea Joongang Daily. Retrieved 16 December 2016.

[10] "遠藤元閑（1696年）『茶湯献立指南』、「鱈の子は北国より出る名物也」" (JPG). Archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp. Retrieved 15 May 2018.

[dailyportalz-11] "I asked store owner of Fukuya why the mentaiko is a local specialty of Hakata". dailyportalz. 2 April 2018.

[JACAR-12] "Mentaiko and the Japanese People". JACAR Newsletter. 4 February 2016. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2017.

[Lotte_Hotel_Magazine-13] "Busan, the City of Pollock Roe". Lotte Hotel Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.

[japan-guide.com-14] "Fukuoka Food Guide". japan-guide.com. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.

[Plum-15] Preston Matt (27 October 2015). The Simple Secrets to Cooking Everything Better. Plum. ISBN 9781743547618. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.

[Sudachi_Recipes-16] Yuto Omura (28 July 2021). "Japanese Mentaiko Pasta (Cod Roe Spaghetti)". Sudachi Recipes. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.

[Sffood.net-17] Grace Keh (18 September 2014). "Mentaiko Spaghetti Recipe (明太子)". Sffood.net. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.

[18] Ahn Min-jeong (6 May 2011). "일본인 좋아하는 밥반찬에 한국의 그것?". JPNews. Archived from the original on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2016.

[ashkenazi-19] Ashkenazi, Michael; Jacob, Jeanne (2003). Food Culture in Japan. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 58–9. ISBN 0-313-32438-7. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|Eggs of the Pollock fish}}
+{{short description|Eggs of the pollock fish}}
 {{Infobox Chinese
 | title     = Alaska pollock roe
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 | collapse  = <!-- yes|no   -->
 | pic       = Alaska pollack liver roe milt.jpg
-| piccap    = Alaska pollack's [[liver as food|liver]], roe, and [[milt]]{{clarify|reason=Which is which? Need to correlate names with items in photo|date=January 2020}}
+| piccap    = Alaska pollack's [[liver as food|liver]] (top, center), roe (left), and [[milt]] (bottom)
 | hangul    = 명란
 | hanja     = 明卵
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 | rusr      = ikra mintaya
 }}
-'''Pollock roe''', also '''pollack roe''', (also known as '''''myeongnan''''' and '''''tarako''''') is the [[roe]] of [[Alaska pollock]] (''Gadus chalcogrammus'') which, despite its name, is a species of [[cod]]. Salted pollock roe is a popular culinary ingredient in [[Korean cuisine|Korean]], [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]], and [[Russian cuisine]]s.
+'''Pollock roe''', also '''pollack roe''' (also known as '''''myeongnan''''' and '''''tarako''''') is the [[roe]] of [[Alaska pollock]] (''Gadus chalcogrammus'') which, despite its name, is a species of [[cod]]. Salted pollock roe is a popular culinary ingredient in [[Korean cuisine|Korean]], [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]], and [[Russian cuisine]]s.
 == Names ==
+The purely Korean name for ''pollock''<!--not a Chinese derived noun-->, ''myeongtae'' had been assigned the [[Transcription into Chinese characters|Chinese character form ]] {{lang|zh|明太}}, which can be read as ''mentai'' in Japanese. But while the Japanese borrowed this name from Korean and called it ''mentaiko'',<ref name="sugimoto2005"/> the term does not retain the originally meaning of plain raw roe, but specifically refers the chili pepper-added cured roe, while salt-cured only types are called ''tarako''.<ref name="sugimoto2005"/><ref name="uchida&watanobe2008"/><ref name="mouritsen&styrbaek2023"/>
-In Korean, pollock roe is called ''myeongnan'' ({{lang|ko|명란}}), while the salted roe dish is called ''myeongnan-jeot'' ({{lang|ko|명란젓}}), being considered a type of ''[[jeotgal]]'' (salted seafood). The Korean word ''myeongnan'' ({{lang|ko|명란}}) means pollock roe as ''myeong'' ({{lang|ko|명}}) came from ''myeongtae'' ({{lang|ko|명태}}), the Korean word for Alaska pollocks, and ''ran'' ({{lang|ko|란}}), also pronounced ''nan'', means "egg (roe)". As ''[[Jeotgal|jeot]]'' ({{lang|ko|젓}}) is a category of salted seafood, the [[Compound (linguistics)|compound]] ''myeongnan-jeot'' ({{lang|ko|명란젓}}) refers to salted pollock roe.
+=== Korean ===
-The Japanese word for the pollock roe is called '' tarako.'' The pollock food products are often  called,'' karashi-mentaiko'' or  ''mentaiko'' is a compound of ''mentai'' ({{lang|ja|明太}}), borrowed from its Korean [[Cognate (linguistics)|cognate]] ''myeongtae'' meaning Alaska pollock, and ''ko'' ({{lang|ja|子}}), a Japanese word for "child (roe)". Alaska pollocks are called ''suketōdara'' ({{lang|ja|介党鱈}}) in Japanese. {{nihongo|''Tara''|鱈}} means [[cod]] in [[Japanese language|Japanese]]. ''Tarako'' ({{lang|ja|鱈子}}) literally means "cod roe", but generally refers to smaller salted roe sacs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gleyn |first1=Bledsoe |last2=Barbara |first2=Rasco |editor1-last=Hui |editor1-first=Yiu H. |title=Handbook of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering |date=2006 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8493-9849-0 |page=161-12 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTjysvUxB8wC&pg=PA218 |access-date=11 March 2020 |language=en |chapter=Caviar and Fish Roe}}</ref>
+As aforementioned, Alaska pollock in Korean is ''myeongtae'' ({{lang|ko|명태,明太}}), hence pollock roe is ''myeongnan'' ({{lang|ko|명란,明卵}}), a contracted form of the [[Compound (linguistics)|compound]] with +''ran'' or +''nan'' ({{lang|ko|란,卵}}) meaning "egg (roe)".
+The salted roe dish is called ''myeongnan-jeot'' ({{lang|ko|명란젓}}), being considered a type of ''jeot'' ({{lang|ko|젓}})  or ''[[jeotgal]]'', which is a category of salted seafood.
-In Russian, pollock roe is called ''ikra mintaya'' ({{lang|ru|икра минтая}}). The word is also used to referred to the salted roe. The Russian word ''ikra'' ({{lang|ru|икра}}) means "roe" and ''mintaya'' ({{lang|ru|минтая}}) is the singular genitive form of {{transl|ru|mintay}} ({{lang|ru|минтай}}), which means Alaska pollock. The word also derived from its Korean cognate, ''myeongtae'' ({{lang|ko|명태}}).
+=== Japanese ===
+In Japanese, (salted) pollock roe is called ''tarako'' ({{lang|ja|鱈子}}),<ref name="uchida&watanobe2008"/><ref name="mouritsen&styrbaek2023"/> though it literally means 'cod roe',{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|i.e., {{nihongo||鱈|tara|extra='cod's'}} {{nihongo||子|ko|extra='child'}}, however, since pollock bears the name ''suketōdara'' ({{lang|ja|介党鱈}}) it is linguistically understood to be subtype of the ''tara'' or 'cod', so this is not exactly a misnomer in the Japanese language.}} while true cod roe is distinguished by calling it ''hontarako''.<ref name="oecd-dict-caviar-subst"/><ref name="koizumi2002"/> The pollock roe, also known as ''momijiko'', are usually salted and dyed red.<ref name="oecd-dict-caviar-subst"/><ref name="koizumi2002"/>{{efn|Whereas ''hontarako'' is usually sold raw, to be made into ''[[nimono|nitsuke]]'' (simmered or braise) or made into the soy sauce preserved ''[[tsukudani]]''.<ref name="koizumi2002"/><!--The OECD source thinks the large cod roes are also "salted, usually dyed cod roe"-->}}
+Pollock roe cured with [[chili pepper|red chili pepper]] are {{nihongo|明太子|mentaiko}};<ref name="koizumi2002"/><ref name="uchida&watanobe2008"/> to put it another way, ''mentaiko'' refers to chili-laced versions of ''tarako'', generally speaking,<ref name="sugimoto2005"/> even if not qualified as ''karashi-mentaiko'' with the prefix meaning 'chili'.{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|That is to say, the sources treat ''mentaiko'' and ''karashi-mentaiko'' are synonyms, and thus interchangeable. Note that 'chili' is more formally ''tōgarashi''<ref name="mouritsen&styrbaek2023"/> {{=}} ''tō'' 'foreign, Chinese' + ''karashi'' 'mustard'.<ref name="uchida&watanobe2008"/><ref name="mouritsen&styrbaek2023"/>}}
+=== Russian ===
+In Russian, pollock roe is called ''ikra mintaya'' ({{lang|ru|икра минтая}}). The word is also used to referred to the salted roe. The Russian word ''ikra'' ({{lang|ru|икра}}) means "roe" and ''mintaya'' ({{lang|ru|минтая}}) is the singular genitive form of {{transl|ru|mintay}} ({{lang|ru|минтай}}), which means Alaska pollock. The word is also derived from its Korean cognate, ''myeongtae'' ({{lang|ko|명태}}).
 == History ==
@@ Line 34: / Line 43: @@
 A 1696 Japanese book records the use of Alaska pollock's roe in [[Hokurikudō|Northern land]].<ref>{{cite web|title=遠藤元閑（1696年）『茶湯献立指南』、「鱈の子は北国より出る名物也」|url=http://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/wo09/wo09_00624/wo09_00624_0004/wo09_00624_0004_p0014.jpg|format=JPG|website=Archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref>
+The dish ''mentaiko'' originates from Korea, but after more than 100 years of modification, most of the pollack roe consumed in Japan is Japanese mentaiko.<ref name="dailyportalz">{{cite web|url=https://dailyportalz.jp/kiji/180402202486|title=I asked store owner of Fukuya why the mentaiko is a local specialty of Hakata|publisher=dailyportalz|date=2 April 2018}}</ref>
-The dish ''mentaiko'' originates from Korea and is originally the Korean ''myeongnan-jeot''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/newsletter/newsletter_019e/newsletter_019e.html|title=Jacar Newsletter No. 19|website=Jacar.gp.jp|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://japan-brand.jnto.go.jp/foods/seafood/86/|title=Marinated Mentaiko Cod Roe - Authentic Japanese product|website=Japan-brand.jnto.go.jp|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMaDCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT131|title=The Simple Secrets to Cooking Everything Better|first=Matt|last=Preston|date=27 October 2015|publisher=Plum|isbn=9781743547618|access-date=15 May 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name=mar>{{cite web|url=http://www.welcomekyushu.com/event/?mode=detail&isSpot=1&id=9999900000310|title=Karashi Mentaiko (Marinated Pollack Roe|website=Kyushu Tourism Information |access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japanesefoodreport.com/2008/06/mentaiko.html|title=Mentaiko! - The Japanese Food Report|website=Japanesefoodreport.com|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sffood.net/mentaiko-spaghetti-recipe/|title=Mentaiko Spaghetti Recipe (明太子)|date=18 September 2014|website=Japanesefoodreport.com|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref> {{nihongo|Toshio Kawahara|[[:ja:川原俊夫|川原 俊夫]]|''Kawahara Toshio''}}, who was born in the city of [[Busan]], Korea during the [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese occupation]], founded the oldest mentaiko company in Japan called "Aji no Mentaiko Fukuya" ([[:ja:ふくや]]) after [[World War II]]. He made slight modifications to myeongnan-[[jeot]] to adapt to Japanese tastes and introduced it to Japan as "Karashi mentaiko" ([[:ja:辛子明太子]]), its popular name is "mentaiko". The milder, less spicy version is called ''[[Tarako (food)|tarako]]'' ({{lang|ja|鱈子}}) in Japan.
+<ref name="JACAR">{{cite web|url=https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/newsletter/newsletter_019e/newsletter_019e.html|title=Mentaiko and the Japanese People|publisher=JACAR Newsletter|date=4 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014132909/https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/newsletter/newsletter_019e/newsletter_019e.html|archivedate=14 October 2017|accessdate=14 October 2017|author=}}</ref>
+<ref name="Lotte Hotel Magazine">{{cite web|url=https://www.lottehotelmagazine.com/en/food_style_detail?no=475|title=Busan, the City of Pollock Roe|publisher=Lotte Hotel Magazine|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524192055/https://www.lottehotelmagazine.com/en/food_style_detail?no=475|archivedate=24 May 2022|accessdate=24 May 2022|author=}}</ref><ref name="japan-guide.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4811.html|title=Fukuoka Food Guide|publisher=japan-guide.com|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524191655/https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4811.html|archivedate=24 May 2022|accessdate=24 May 2022|author=}}</ref><ref name="Plum">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMaDCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT131|title=The Simple Secrets to Cooking Everything Better|publisher=Plum|isbn=9781743547618|date=27 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524183132/https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=zMaDCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT131&redir_esc=y|archivedate=24 May 2022|accessdate=24 May 2022|author=Preston Matt}}</ref><ref name="Sudachi Recipes">{{cite web|url=https://sudachirecipes.com/mentaiko-pasta-recipe/|title=Japanese Mentaiko Pasta (Cod Roe Spaghetti)|publisher=Sudachi Recipes|date=28 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524193324/https://sudachirecipes.com/mentaiko-pasta-recipe/|archivedate=24 May 2022|accessdate=24 May 2022|author=Yuto Omura}}</ref><ref name="Sffood.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.sffood.net/mentaiko-spaghetti-recipe/|title=Mentaiko Spaghetti Recipe (明太子)|publisher=Sffood.net|date=18 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524183958/http://www.sffood.net/mentaiko-spaghetti-recipe/|archivedate=24 May 2022|accessdate=24 May 2022|author=Grace Keh}}</ref> {{nihongo|Toshio Kawahara|[[:ja:川原俊夫|川原 俊夫]]|''Kawahara Toshio''}}, who was born in the city of [[Busan]], Korea during the [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese occupation]], founded the oldest mentaiko company in Japan called "Aji no Mentaiko Fukuya" ([[:ja:ふくや]]) after [[World War II]]. He made several modifications to myeongnan-[[Jeotgal|jeot]] to adapt to Japanese tastes and introduced it to Japan as "Karashi mentaiko" ([[:ja:辛子明太子]]), its popular name is "mentaiko". The milder, less spicy version is called ''[[Tarako (food)|tarako]]'' ({{lang|ja|鱈子}}) in Japan. Eventually, Mentaiko is quite different from Korean myeongnan-jeot, and so much more is consumed. And Japan's mentaiko is also imported back to Korea.<ref name="dailyportalz">{{cite web|url=https://dailyportalz.jp/kiji/180402202486|title=I asked store owner of Fukuya why the mentaiko is a local specialty of Hakata|publisher=dailyportalz|date=2 April 2018}}</ref>
-== Salted pollock roe ==
+== Consumption ==
 {{Infobox food
-| name             = Salted Alaska pollock roe
+| name             = Myeongnan-jeot
 | image            = Myeongnanjeot (pollock roe) 4.jpg
 | caption          =
@@ Line 101: / Line 112: @@
 === Japan===
-''Mentaiko'', adapted from Korean ''myeongnan-jeot'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/newsletter/newsletter_019e/newsletter_019e.html|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014132909/https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/newsletter/newsletter_019e/newsletter_019e.html|archive-date=2017-10-14|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lottehotelmagazine.com/en/food_style_detail?no=475|title=Busan, the City of Pollock Roe|publisher=Lotte Hotel Magazine|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524192055/https://www.lottehotelmagazine.com/en/food_style_detail?no=475|archivedate=24 May 2022|accessdate=24 May 2022|author=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4811.html|title=Fukuoka Food Guide|publisher=japan-guide.com|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524191655/https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4811.html|archivedate=24 May 2022|accessdate=24 May 2022|author=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMaDCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT131|title=The Simple Secrets to Cooking Everything Better|publisher=Plum|isbn=9781743547618|date=27 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524183132/https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=zMaDCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT131&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|archivedate=24 May 2022|accessdate=24 May 2022|author=Preston Matt}}</ref><ref name=mar/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sudachirecipes.com/mentaiko-pasta-recipe/|title=Japanese Mentaiko Pasta (Cod Roe Spaghetti)|publisher=Sudachi Recipes|date=28 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524193324/https://sudachirecipes.com/mentaiko-pasta-recipe/|archivedate=24 May 2022|accessdate=24 May 2022|author=Yuto Omura}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sffood.net/mentaiko-spaghetti-recipe/|title=Mentaiko Spaghetti Recipe (明太子)|publisher=Sffood.net|date=18 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524183958/http://www.sffood.net/mentaiko-spaghetti-recipe/|archivedate=24 May 2022|accessdate=24 May 2022|author=Grace Keh}}</ref> hence the name mentai ''myeongtae'' (명태,明太, pollack) + ko(알, 子, baby or roe)], is common in Japan. It is made in a variety of flavors and colors and is available at airports and main train stations. It is usually eaten with [[onigiri]], but is also enjoyed by itself with [[sake]]. A common variety is {{nihongo|spicy mentaiko|[[:ja:辛子明太子|辛子明太子]]|karashi mentaiko}}. It is a product of the [[Hakata-ku, Fukuoka|Hakata]] [[wards of Japan|ward]] of [[Fukuoka City]]. Milder version is called ''tarako'' ({{lang|ja|鱈子}}),
+''Mentaiko'', adapted from Korean ''myeongnan-jeot'',<ref name="JACAR" /><ref name="Lotte Hotel Magazine" /><ref name="japan-guide.com" /><ref name="Plum" /><ref name="Sudachi Recipes" /><ref name="Sffood.net" /> hence the name mentai (derived from the Korean ''myeongtae'', 명태, 明太, meaning pollack) + ko (Korean 알, 子, meaning baby/roe), is common in Japan. It is made in a variety of flavors and colors and is available at airports and main train stations. It is usually eaten with [[onigiri]], but is also enjoyed by itself with [[sake]]. A common variety is {{nihongo|spicy mentaiko|[[:ja:辛子明太子|辛子明太子]]|karashi mentaiko}}. It is a product of the [[Hakata-ku, Fukuoka|Hakata]] [[wards of Japan|ward]] of [[Fukuoka City]]. Milder version is called ''tarako'' ({{lang|ja|鱈子}}),
-Recently in Japan, mentaiko pasta has become common.  Mentaiko is mixed with butter or mayonnaise and used as a sauce for spaghetti.  Thin strips of [[Nori]] (海苔) and [[Shiso]] leaves are often sprinkled on top.
+Recently in Japan, mentaiko pasta has become common. Mentaiko is mixed with butter or mayonnaise and used as a sauce for spaghetti.  Thin strips of [[Nori]] (海苔) and [[Shiso]] leaves are often sprinkled on top.
 Mentaiko was nominated as Japan's number one side dish in the Japanese weekly magazine, ''[[Shūkan Bunshun]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.jpnews.kr/a.html?uid=9808|title=일본인 좋아하는 밥반찬에 한국의 그것?|publisher=JPNews|date=6 May 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122023626/http://jpnews.kr/sub_read.html?uid=9808|archivedate=22 November 2011|accessdate=19 November 2016|author=Ahn Min-jeong}}</ref>
-Tarako is served in a number of ways: plain (usually for breakfast),<ref name="ashkenazi">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=Ley_r5VldNUC&q=tarako+roe&pg=PA58&redir_esc=y|title=Food Culture in Japan|pages=58–9|first=Michael|last=Ashkenazi|author2=Jacob, Jeanne|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|date=2003|isbn=0-313-32438-7|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524185251/https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=Ley_r5VldNUC&q=tarako+roe&pg=PA58&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=tarako%20roe&f=false|archivedate=24 May 2022|accessdate=24 May 2022|author=}}</ref> as a filling for ''[[onigiri]]'', and as a [[pasta]] sauce (usually with ''[[nori]]''). Traditionally, tarako was dyed bright red, but recent concerns about the safety of [[food coloring]] have all but eliminated that custom.<ref name="ashkenazi" /> In [[Kyūshū]], tarako is commonly served with red [[chili pepper]] flakes.
+Tarako is served in a number of ways: plain (usually for breakfast),<ref name="ashkenazi">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ley_r5VldNUC&q=tarako+roe&pg=PA58|title=Food Culture in Japan|pages=58–9|first=Michael|last=Ashkenazi|author2=Jacob, Jeanne|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|date=2003|isbn=0-313-32438-7|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524185251/https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=Ley_r5VldNUC&q=tarako+roe&pg=PA58&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=tarako%20roe&f=false|archivedate=24 May 2022|accessdate=24 May 2022}}</ref> as a filling for ''[[onigiri]]'', and as a [[pasta]] sauce (usually with ''[[nori]]''). Traditionally, tarako was dyed bright red, but recent concerns about the safety of [[food coloring]] have all but eliminated that custom.<ref name="ashkenazi" /> In [[Kyūshū]], tarako is commonly served with red [[chili pepper]] flakes.
 <gallery>
@@ Line 119: / Line 130: @@
 === Russia ===
-In [[Russia]], pollock roe is consumed as a sandwich spread. The product, resembling liquid paste due to the small size of eggs and oil added, is sold canned.
+In [[Russia]], pollock roe is consumed as a sandwich spread. The product, resembling liquid paste due to the small size of eggs and oil added, is sold as [[canned food]].
+As mentioned above, in Russian, the word for pollock roe is the same as for the [[caviar]]: "''ikra''". The same goes to a dish, known to the French as "''caviar d'aubergine''": "кабачковая икра", although it's a spread made of eggplants.
+To make the pollock roe taste in a caviar-like way, one should make a ''[[butterbrot]]'' first e.g. to apply [[butter]] to the bread before adding the canned pollock roe. This will smoothen the excessive saltiness of the canned roe.
 <gallery>
+File:Бутерброд_с_икрой_минтая_2.jpg|An [[open sandwich]] with canned roe
-File:Alaska pollock roe Russia.jpg|''Ikra mintaya'' spread
+File:Alaska pollock roe Russia.jpg|A piece of similar bread with less roe used since ''Ikra mintaya'' (canned roe) [[Canning#Salt_content|is rather salty]].
 </gallery>
@@ Line 131: / Line 147: @@
 * [[Masago]]
 * [[Tobiko]]
+== Explanatory notes ==
+{{notelist}}
 == References ==
-{{Reflist}}
+{{Reflist|2|refs=
+{{void|<ref name="bledsoe&rasco2020">{{cite book |last1=Bledsoe |first1=Gleyn |author1-link=<!--Gleyn Bledsoe --> |last2=Rasco |first2=Barbara |author2-link=<!--Barbara Rasco --> |editor1-last=Hui |editor1-first=Yiu H. |editor1-link=<!-- Yiu H. Hui (8 August 1940–4 January 2015)--> |title=Handbook of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering |date=2006 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8493-9849-0 |page=161-12 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTjysvUxB8wC&pg=PA218 |access-date=11 March 2020 |language=en |chapter=Caviar and Fish Roe}}</ref>}}
+<ref name="sugimoto2005">{{cite book|last=Sugimoto |first=Tsutomu|author-link=:ja:杉本つとむ |title=Gogenkai |script-title=ja:語源海 |publisher=Tokyo Shoseki<!--東京書籍--> |year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZkPAAAAYAAJ&q=明太子 |page=288 |isbn=4487797438<!--, 9784487797431-->|lang=ja}}</ref>
+<ref name="koizumi2002">{{cite book|last=Koizumi |first=Takeo |author-link=:ja:小泉武夫 |title=Shoku to nihonjin no chie |script-title=ja:食と日本人の知恵 |publisher=Iwanami Shoten |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPEwAQAAIAAJ&q=マダラの卵巣 |pages=401, 662 |isbn=<!--4006030525, -->9784006030520 |lang=ja}}</ref>
+<ref name="mouritsen&styrbaek2023">{{Cite book|last1=Mouritsen |first1=Ole G. |author1-link=:da:Ole G. Mouritsen |last2=Styrbæk |first2=Klavs |author2-link=<!--Klavs Styrbæk--> |title=Rogn: Meget mere end rogn |location= |publisher=Gyldendal A/S |date=2023 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKLbEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT243 |page= |isbn=<!--870239202X, -->9788702392029 |quote='''''karashi-mentaiko''''' (''mentaiko'') - krydret variant af ''tarako'', som er saltet torskerogn.. med.. japansk chili (''togarashi'') ['''''karashi-mentaiko''''' (''mentaiko'') -  spicy variant of ''tarako'', which is salted cod roe...with.. Japanese chili (''togarashi'').]}}</ref>
+<ref name="oecd-dict-caviar-subst">{{cite encyclopedia|author=OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |author-link=OECD |entry=Caviar substitutes |title=Multilingual Dictionary of Fish and Fish Products |location= |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2009 |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HhxT9V5CQM4C&pg=PA39 |page=39 |isbn=<!--1444319426, -->9781444319422}}</ref>
+<ref name="uchida&watanobe2008">{{Cite book|last1=Uchida |first1=Hirotsugu |author1-link=<!-- 内田洋嗣--> |last2=Watanobe |first2=Masamichi  |author2-link=<!--渡野邉雅道--> |chapter=Walleye pollack (''Suketoudara'') fishery managemnt in the Hiyama region of Hokkaido, Japan |editor1-last=Townsend |editor1-first=R.  |editor1-link=<!--Ralph Edwin Townsend--> |editor2-last=Shotton |editor2-first=R. |editor2-link=<!--Ross Shotton-->|editor3-last=Uchida  |editor3-first=H. |editor3-link=<!--Hirotsugu Uchida 内田洋嗣--> |title=Case Studies in Fisheries Self-governance |location= |publisher=Food & Agriculture Org. |date=2008 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6N6bcOE5uVsC&pg=PA163|page=163<!--163–174--> |isbn=<!--9251058970, -->9789251058978}}</ref>
+}}
 == External links ==
@@ Line 147: / Line 178: @@
 [[Category:Roe]]
 [[Category:Korean seafood]]
+[[Category:Russian cuisine]]

v t e Japanese food and drink
Main dishes	Bento Ekiben Jūbako Kyaraben Makunouchi Wappameshi Chahan Curry Katsu curry Donburi Chūkadon Katsudon Oyakodon Tekkadon Tenshindon Unadon Gyōza Gyūdon Hayashi rice Hirayachi Hiyamugi Kaki furai Kakuni Karaage Kushikatsu Monjayaki Nabemono Nikujaga Noodles Harusame saifun Ramen Champon Hiyashi chūka Kagoshima Muroran curry Tantan-men Tonkotsu Tsukemen Shirataki Soba Okinawa soba Yakisoba Sōmen Salad Udon Hōtō Yakiudon Oden Okonomiyaki Okowa Omurice Onigiri Tenmusu Onsen tamago Osechi Rice Glutinous Hatsuga genmai Kayu Sekihan Takikomi Zosui Sashimi Fugu Shabu-shabu Soki Sukiyaki Sushi History Sustainable Takoyaki Tamagoyaki Tempura Tokoroten Tonkatsu Tsukudani Tsukune Yakiniku Yakitori
Side dishes	Agedashi dōfu Bread Anpan Curry Melonpan Milk bread Yudane Chawanmushi Gari Korokke Miso soup Namasu Nattō Nukazuke Okazu Satsuma-age Shiokara Takuan Tororo Tsukemono
Beverages	Aquarius C.C. Lemon Calpis Canned coffee Boss Georgia Genmaicha Mugicha Lipovitan Oronamin C Pocari Sweat Ramune Sake Amazake Nigori Toso Shōchū Awamori Habushu Umeshu Tea History Bancha Green Gyokuro Hōjicha Kabuse Kukicha Matcha Sencha Yakult
Snacks / desserts	Amanattō Botan Rice Candy Daifuku Dango Chichi Kibi Dorayaki Karukan Konpeitō Manjū Mochi Agemochi Goheimochi Kankoro Kuzumochi Uirō Senbei Arare Shiruko Taiyaki Wagashi Warabimochi Yōkan Zunda-mochi
Ingredients / condiments	Anko Aonori Bamboo shoot Beni shōga Burdock Daikon Sakurajima Dashi Fish Kamaboko Mentaiko / tarako Surimi Tobiko Hijiki Kanzuri Karashi Katsuobushi Kombu Konnyaku Kuromitsu Kuzuko Mayonnaise Menma Mirin Miso MSG Mushrooms Enokitake Matsutake Shiitake Myoga Nori Sake kasu Panko Sansyō Sauce Ponzu Soy Tare Tonkatsu Worcestershire Sesame oil Shichimi Shiso Tenkasu Tofu Umeboshi Wasabi Yuzu Yuzu koshō
Utensils	Rice cooker Knives Deba bōchō Gyuto Kitchen Maguro bōchō Nakiri bōchō Santoku Sashimi bōchō Usuba bōchō Yanagi ba Shamoji Suribachi Zaru
Lists	Condiments Desserts and sweets Dishes Ramen Soups and stews Snacks Sushi and sashimi ingredients
Fruits	Square watermelon Yubari King Ruby Roman Shine Muscat
Related	Chinmi Kaiseki Omakase Teppanyaki Tokusanhin Teriyaki Umami Customs and etiquette Okinawan cuisine
Category

Latest revision as of 17:45, 29 April 2024

Names[edit]

Korean[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Russian[edit]

History[edit]

Korea[edit]

Japan[edit]

Consumption[edit]

Korea[edit]

Japan[edit]

Russia[edit]

See also[edit]

Explanatory notes[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]