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| genus = Calendula
| genus = Calendula
| species = palaestina
| species = palaestina
| authority = Boiss.
| authority = [[Pierre Edmond Boissier|Boiss.]]
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
*''Calendula ceratosperma'' {{small|Viv.}}
*''Calendula repanda'' {{small|Boiss. & Noë}}
}}
}}


'''''Calendula palaestina''''', the '''Palestine marigold''', is a species of annual flowering plant in the marigold genus ''[[Calendula]]'', family [[Asteraceae]]. It is an annual, non-succuluent herb,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Calendula palaestina Boiss. {{!}} Flora of Israel and adjuscent areas |url=https://flora.org.il/en/plants/calpal/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=צמחיית ישראל וסביבתה |language=en-US}}</ref>, standing 20–40 cm high, erect, small branching, with gland-tipped hairs, whose leaves alternate up the stems. Leaves are 2.5-10cm long to 20mm wide, flat, and hairy to rough in texture, with margins mostly wavy and toothed, and tips more or less pointed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PlantNET - FloraOnline |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Calendula~palaestina#:~:text=Distribution%20and%20occurrence:%20Grows%20on,Native%20of%20Mediterranean%20region. |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au}}</ref>
'''''Calendula palaestina''''', the '''Palestine marigold''', is a species of annual flowering plant in the marigold genus ''[[Calendula]]'', family [[Asteraceae]]. It is an annual, non-succuluent herb,<ref>{{Cite web |title=''Calendula palaestina'' Boiss. {{!}} Flora of Israel and adjuscent areas |url=https://flora.org.il/en/plants/calpal/ |access-date=14 May 2024 |website=צמחיית ישראל וסביבתה |language=en-US}}</ref>, standing 20–40 cm high, erect, small branching, with gland-tipped hairs, whose leaves alternate up the stems. Leaves are 2.5-10cm long to 20mm wide, flat, and hairy to rough in texture, with margins mostly wavy and toothed, and tips more or less pointed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PlantNET - FloraOnline |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Calendula~palaestina#:~:text=Distribution%20and%20occurrence:%20Grows%20on,Native%20of%20Mediterranean%20region. |access-date=15 May 2024 |website=plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au}}</ref>


Its flower heads, composed on many yellow ligulate (ray) and tubular (disc) florets, are borne singly at the ends of the stems. They have 2.5–4 cm long outer [[achenes]], 2–2.5 cm long beaks, winged or wingless, sometimes crested or toothed; intermediate achenes are elongated; inner achenes are smaller, strongly curved, with scattered hairs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PlantNET - FloraOnline |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Calendula~palaestina#:~:text=Description:%20Annual%20herb,%2020%E2%80%93,toothed,%20lamina%20pubescent%20to%20scabrous. |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au}}</ref>
Its flower heads, composed on many yellow ligulate (ray) and tubular (disc) florets, are borne singly at the ends of the stems. They have 2.5–4 cm long outer [[achenes]], 2–2.5 cm long beaks, winged or wingless, sometimes crested or toothed; intermediate achenes are elongated; inner achenes are smaller, strongly curved, with scattered hairs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PlantNET - FloraOnline |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Calendula~palaestina#:~:text=Description:%20Annual%20herb,%2020%E2%80%93,toothed,%20lamina%20pubescent%20to%20scabrous. |access-date=14 May 2024 |website=plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au}}</ref>


The native range of this species is the Eastern Mediterranean to Western Iran. It grows primarily in the subtropical biome.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Calendula palaestina Boiss. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127132-3 |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref>
The native range of this species is the eastern Mediterranean to western Iran, and it has been introduced to [[New South Wales]]. It grows primarily in the subtropical biome.<ref name="POWO_127132-3" >{{Cite web |title=''Calendula palaestina'' Boiss. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127132-3 |access-date=14 May 2024 }}</ref>


== Chemistry ==
== Chemistry ==
The flowers, leaves, and stems of various ''Calendula'' species contain flavonoids, xanthophylls, and carotenoids, essential oils, coumarins (scopoletin), and water-soluble polysaccharides.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Samatadze |first=Tatiana E. |last2=Yurkevich |first2=Olga Yu |last3=Khazieva |first3=Firdaus M. |last4=Basalaeva |first4=Irina V. |last5=Savchenko |first5=Olga M. |last6=Zoshchuk |first6=Svyatoslav A. |last7=Morozov |first7=Alexander I. |last8=Amosova |first8=Alexandra V. |last9=Muravenko |first9=Olga V. |date=January 2023 |title=Genome Studies in Four Species of Calendula L. (Asteraceae) Using Satellite DNAs as Chromosome Markers |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/23/4056 |journal=Plants |language=en |volume=12 |issue=23 |pages=4056 |doi=10.3390/plants12234056 |issn=2223-7747}}</ref> Like other species of ''Calendula'', ''C. palaestina'' is used in various traditional and medicinal practices for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saveetha |first=Gheena |date=August 10, 2023 |title=In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Herbal Formulation Containing Marigold Flower |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10492899/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The flowers, leaves, and stems of various ''Calendula'' species contain flavonoids, xanthophylls, and carotenoids, essential oils, coumarins (scopoletin), and water-soluble polysaccharides.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Samatadze |first=Tatiana E. |last2=Yurkevich |first2=Olga Yu |last3=Khazieva |first3=Firdaus M. |last4=Basalaeva |first4=Irina V. |last5=Savchenko |first5=Olga M. |last6=Zoshchuk |first6=Svyatoslav A. |last7=Morozov |first7=Alexander I. |last8=Amosova |first8=Alexandra V. |last9=Muravenko |first9=Olga V. |date=January 2023 |title=Genome Studies in Four Species of Calendula L. (Asteraceae) Using Satellite DNAs as Chromosome Markers |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/23/4056 |journal=Plants |language=en |volume=12 |issue=23 |pages=4056 |doi=10.3390/plants12234056 |issn=2223-7747}}</ref> Like other species of ''Calendula'', ''C. palaestina'' is used in various traditional and medicinal practices for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saveetha |first=Gheena |date=10 August 2023 |title=In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Herbal Formulation Containing Marigold Flower |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10492899/ |url-status=live}}</ref>


There is evidence that this species of ''Calendula'' has the potential to lower [[whitefly]] populations in a comprehensive pest management program in local communities, pending cultivation of these medicinal plant species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hammad |first=E. Abou-Fakhr |last2=Zeaiter |first2=A. |last3=Saliba |first3=N. |last4=Talhouk |first4=S. |date=2014 |title=Bioactivity of indigenous medicinal plants against the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25204756/ |journal=Journal of Insect Science (Online) |volume=14 |pages=105 |doi=10.1673/031.014.105 |issn=1536-2442 |pmc=4212871 |pmid=25204756}}</ref>
There is evidence that this species of ''Calendula'' has the potential to lower [[whitefly]] populations in a comprehensive pest management program in local communities, pending cultivation of these medicinal plant species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hammad |first=E. Abou-Fakhr |last2=Zeaiter |first2=A. |last3=Saliba |first3=N. |last4=Talhouk |first4=S. |date=2014 |title=Bioactivity of indigenous medicinal plants against the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25204756/ |journal=Journal of Insect Science (Online) |volume=14 |pages=105 |doi=10.1673/031.014.105 |issn=1536-2442 |pmc=4212871 |pmid=25204756}}</ref>

Revision as of 16:42, 17 May 2024

Calendula palaestina
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Calendula
Species:
C. palaestina
Binomial name
Calendula palaestina
Synonyms
  • Calendula ceratosperma Viv.
  • Calendula repanda Boiss. & Noë

Calendula palaestina, the Palestine marigold, is a species of annual flowering plant in the marigold genus Calendula, family Asteraceae. It is an annual, non-succuluent herb,[1], standing 20–40 cm high, erect, small branching, with gland-tipped hairs, whose leaves alternate up the stems. Leaves are 2.5-10cm long to 20mm wide, flat, and hairy to rough in texture, with margins mostly wavy and toothed, and tips more or less pointed.[2]

Its flower heads, composed on many yellow ligulate (ray) and tubular (disc) florets, are borne singly at the ends of the stems. They have 2.5–4 cm long outer achenes, 2–2.5 cm long beaks, winged or wingless, sometimes crested or toothed; intermediate achenes are elongated; inner achenes are smaller, strongly curved, with scattered hairs.[3]

The native range of this species is the eastern Mediterranean to western Iran, and it has been introduced to New South Wales. It grows primarily in the subtropical biome.[4]

Chemistry

The flowers, leaves, and stems of various Calendula species contain flavonoids, xanthophylls, and carotenoids, essential oils, coumarins (scopoletin), and water-soluble polysaccharides.[5] Like other species of Calendula, C. palaestina is used in various traditional and medicinal practices for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.[6]

There is evidence that this species of Calendula has the potential to lower whitefly populations in a comprehensive pest management program in local communities, pending cultivation of these medicinal plant species.[7]

Calendula palaestina seeds

References

  1. ^ "Calendula palaestina Boiss. | Flora of Israel and adjuscent areas". צמחיית ישראל וסביבתה. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  2. ^ "PlantNET - FloraOnline". plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  3. ^ "PlantNET - FloraOnline". plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  4. ^ "Calendula palaestina Boiss". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  5. ^ Samatadze, Tatiana E.; Yurkevich, Olga Yu; Khazieva, Firdaus M.; Basalaeva, Irina V.; Savchenko, Olga M.; Zoshchuk, Svyatoslav A.; Morozov, Alexander I.; Amosova, Alexandra V.; Muravenko, Olga V. (January 2023). "Genome Studies in Four Species of Calendula L. (Asteraceae) Using Satellite DNAs as Chromosome Markers". Plants. 12 (23): 4056. doi:10.3390/plants12234056. ISSN 2223-7747.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ Saveetha, Gheena (10 August 2023). "In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Herbal Formulation Containing Marigold Flower".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ Hammad, E. Abou-Fakhr; Zeaiter, A.; Saliba, N.; Talhouk, S. (2014). "Bioactivity of indigenous medicinal plants against the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci". Journal of Insect Science (Online). 14: 105. doi:10.1673/031.014.105. ISSN 1536-2442. PMC 4212871. PMID 25204756.
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