Draft:CO2-Plume Geothermal: Difference between revisions
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CO<sub>2</sub>-Plume Geothermal (CPG) combines Carbon Capture and Storage [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage (CCS)] with [[geothermal energy]] production, utilising the CO<sub>2</sub> itself as a [[working fluid]]. CO<sub>2</sub> is injected in naturally in deep permeable reservoirs, where production wells then raise the geothermally heated supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> back to the surface, extract power in a CO<sub>2</sub> turbine, and re-inject this in a liquid state after cooling and condensing. This has the potential to generate two to three times the power compared to the use of water as a working fluid: while the [[specific heat capacity]] is lower than that of H<sub>2</sub>O, supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> has lower [[dynamic viscosity]] <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Randolph |first1=Jimmy |title=Combining geothermal energy capture with geologic carbon dioxide sequestration |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |date=2011 |volume=38 |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2011GL047265}}</ref>. At the same time, CO<sub>2</sub> is being stored subsurface. CPG is therefore a true CCUS technology, with both Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage embedded in the same process. |
CO<sub>2</sub>-Plume Geothermal (CPG) combines Carbon Capture and Storage [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage (CCS)] with [[geothermal energy]] production, utilising the CO<sub>2</sub> itself as a [[working fluid]]. CO<sub>2</sub> is injected in naturally in deep permeable reservoirs, where production wells then raise the geothermally heated supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> back to the surface, extract power in a CO<sub>2</sub> turbine, and re-inject this in a liquid state after cooling and condensing. This has the potential to generate two to three times the power compared to the use of water as a working fluid: while the [[specific heat capacity]] is lower than that of H<sub>2</sub>O, supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> has lower [[dynamic viscosity]] <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Randolph |first1=Jimmy |title=Combining geothermal energy capture with geologic carbon dioxide sequestration |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |date=2011 |volume=38 |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2011GL047265}}</ref>. At the same time, CO<sub>2</sub> is being stored subsurface. CPG is therefore a true CCUS technology, with both Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage embedded in the same process. |
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[[File:Schematic of a CO2-Plume Geothermal system.png|Schematic of a CO2-Plume Geothermal system |
[[File:Schematic of a CO2-Plume Geothermal system.png|400px|Schematic of a CO2-Plume Geothermal system]] |
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16 peer reviewed publications have been published on CPG since its invention by Martin Saar and Jimmy Randolph in 2011 <ref>{{cite web |title=CPG Consortium |url=https://geg.cpg.ethz.ch |access-date=15 May 2024}}</ref>. |
16 peer reviewed publications have been published on CPG since its invention by Martin Saar and Jimmy Randolph in 2011 <ref>{{cite web |title=CPG Consortium |url=https://geg.cpg.ethz.ch |access-date=15 May 2024}}</ref>. |
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Technology
CO2-Plume Geothermal (CPG) combines Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) with geothermal energy production, utilising the CO2 itself as a working fluid. CO2 is injected in naturally in deep permeable reservoirs, where production wells then raise the geothermally heated supercritical CO2 back to the surface, extract power in a CO2 turbine, and re-inject this in a liquid state after cooling and condensing. This has the potential to generate two to three times the power compared to the use of water as a working fluid: while the specific heat capacity is lower than that of H2O, supercritical CO2 has lower dynamic viscosity [1]. At the same time, CO2 is being stored subsurface. CPG is therefore a true CCUS technology, with both Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage embedded in the same process.
16 peer reviewed publications have been published on CPG since its invention by Martin Saar and Jimmy Randolph in 2011 [2].
Relation to CCS projects
CPG is a process that is superimposed on top of an underlying CCS project. A mass balance argument can be made to illustrate that all CO2 is stored just like in the base CCS project. Given a source stream of CO2 such as that from a CO2 capture plant, as the mass of CO2 in the surface network is negligible, all CO2 is contained subsurface: storage occurs immediately. As the subsurface reservoir is cools due to geothermal heat extraction, the density of CO2 in the subsurface increases, enabling a larger mass to be stored for a given formation. Other identified impacts of CPG on CCS include reduced carbon intensity of storage due to renewable energy production, increased control over CO2 volumetric sweep, additional monitoring data from production wells, flexibility to repurpose producer wells to injectors, avoiding injector downtime with associated halite deposition risks, and communities can benefit from power produced using CO2. One drawback of CPG is the need for additional penetrations through the reservoir caprock [3].
Research needs
While existing equipment from CO2 EOR and CCS projects can be repurposed for CPG, new equipment is required, primarily lower temperature supercritical turbines and high-pressure CO2 cooling and condensing units [4]. A commercial field demonstration to increase the TRL of CPG has not yet been executed.
References
- ^ Randolph, Jimmy (2011). "Combining geothermal energy capture with geologic carbon dioxide sequestration". Geophysical Research Letters. 38.
- ^ "CPG Consortium". Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ Saar, Martin. "How CCS can benefit from CO2-Plume Geothermal (CPG)" (PDF). Caprock Integrity & Gas Storage Symposium. Swisstopo. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ Schifflechner, Christopher (2023). "The potential of CO2-Plume Geothermal (CPG) Systems for CO2 component manufacturers: opportunities and development needs". 7th International Seminar on ORC Power Systems.