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Coordinates: 34°47′N 135°28′E / 34.783°N 135.467°E / 34.783; 135.467
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{{about|the city in Osaka|the town in Kagawa|Toyonaka, Kagawa}}
{{about|the city in Osaka|the former town in Kagawa|Toyonaka, Kagawa}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Refimprove|date=May 2017}}
| name = Toyonaka
{{Infobox city Japan
| official_name =
| name= Toyonaka
| native_name = {{nobold|豊中市}}
| official_name=
| native_name_lang = ja
| JapaneseName= {{nobold|{{lang|ja|豊中市}}}}
| settlement_type= [[Core cities of Japan|Core city]]
| settlement_type = [[Core cities of Japan|Core city]]
| other_name =
| image_skyline = Toyonaka City Hall.jpg
| image_skyline = Toyonaka City Hall.jpg
| image_caption = Toyonaka City Hall
| image_caption = Toyonaka City Hall
| image_flag= Flag of Toyonaka, Osaka.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Toyonaka, Osaka.svg
| image_symbol= Emblem of Toyonaka, Osaka.svg
| image_seal = Emblem of Toyonaka, Osaka.svg
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=260|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=9|id=Q18700190}}
| image_map= Toyonaka in Osaka Prefecture Ja.svg
| image_map1 = Toyonaka in Osaka Prefecture Ja.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|34|47|N|135|28|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| map_caption = Location of Toyonaka in Osaka Prefecture
| region= [[Kansai region|Kansai]]
| pushpin_map = Japan
| prefecture= [[Osaka Prefecture]]
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Japan
| district=
| coordinates = {{coord|34|47|N|135|28|E|region:JP-27|display=it}}
| mayor= Keiichirō Asari
| subdivision_type = Country
| area_km2= 36.38
| subdivision_name = Japan
| population= 396,014
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| population_as_of= October 1, 2016
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kansai region|Kansai]]
| density_km2= auto
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| tree= [[Osmanthus fragrans|Sweet Osmanthus]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Osaka Prefecture|Osaka]]
| flower= [[Rose]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Japan|District]]
| bird=
| subdivision_name3 =
| city_hall_address= 3-1-1 Nakasakurazuka, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka-fu
| established_title =
| city_hall_postal_code= 561-8501
| established_date =
| established_title2 =
| established_date2 =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = [[:ja:長内繁樹|Shigeki Osanai]] (from May 2018)
| leader_title1 = Vice Mayor
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 36.39
| population_total = 399,263
| population_as_of = May 1, 2023
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
| utc_offset1 = +09:00
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = City hall address
| blank_info_sec1 = 3-1-1 Nakasakurazuka, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka-fu 561-8501
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
| website = {{Official website|http://www.city.toyonaka.osaka.jp/}}
| website = {{Official website|http://www.city.toyonaka.osaka.jp/}}
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| tree = [[Osmanthus fragrans|Sweet Osmanthus]]
| flower = [[Rose]]
| bird =
| butterfly =
| fish =
}}
}}
}}
[[File:151128 Hattori Ryokuchi Park Osaka pref Japan03s3.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Hattori Ryokuchi Park]]


{{nihongo|'''Toyonaka'''|豊中市|Toyonaka-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] in [[Osaka Prefecture]], Japan. {{As of|2023|05|01}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 399,263 in 179651 households and a [[population density]] of 5700 persons per km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="Toyonaka-hp">{{cite web |url=https://www.city.toyonaka.osaka.jp|title= Toyonaka city official statistics|location= Japan|language= ja}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{convert|36.39|sqkm|sqmi}}. It is a suburban city of [[Osaka]] City and a part of the [[Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto|Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area]].
[[File:Toyonaka City Hall.jpg|thumb|City Hall of Toyonaka]]


==Geography==
{{nihongo|'''Toyonaka'''|豊中市|Toyonaka-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] in [[Osaka Prefecture]], Japan. The city was founded on October 15, 1936.
Toyonaka is located in northern Osaka Prefecture. Topographically, the northern part is high (facing the Senri Hills), and the southern part is low (facing the Osaka Plain). A gently sloping terrace of 20 to 50 meters above sea level distributed on the western edge of the city is called the Toyonaka Plateau, which forms the center of the urban area. With the exception of the buffered green zone around Osaka International Airport, the area of Toyonaka is almost urbanized.


===Neighboring municipalities===
==Demographics==
Osaka Prefecture
{{As of|2016}}, the city has an estimated population of 396,014 and a population density of 11,000 persons per km². The total area is 36.38&nbsp;km².{{cn|date=May 2017}} Its peak population was over 420,000.{{cn|date=May 2017}}
*[[Yodogawa-ku, Osaka]]
* [[Suita]]
* [[Minoh, Osaka|Minoh]]
* [[Ikeda, Osaka|Ikeda]]
[[Hyōgo Prefecture]]
*[[Amagasaki, Hyōgo|Amagasaki]]
*[[Itami, Hyōgo|Itami]]


===Demographics===
Toyonaka is a residential area of Osaka Prefecture, and includes Senri New Town.
{{Historical populations
| 1950 | 102304
| 1955 | 127678
| 1960 | 199065
| 1965 | 291936
| 1970 | 368498
| 1975 | 398384
| 1980 | 403174
| 1985 | 413213
| 1990 | 409837
| 1995 | 398908
| 2000 | 391726
| 2005 | 386623
| 2010 | 389359
| 2015 | 395479
| 2020 | 401558
|align = none
| footnote = Toyonaka population statistics<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/nara/ Toyonaka population statistics]</ref>
}}


==Climate==
The city is easy to reach through various modes of transportation, and many of its residents commute daily into Osaka City to work.
Toyonaka has a [[Humid subtropical climate]] (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Toyonaka is {{cvt|16.4|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|1326.3|mm}} with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around {{cvt|28.7|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{cvt|5.1|C}}.<ref name=normals/>
[[Osaka University]] and Osaka Music College<!-- I'm not sure the latter is their correct name. --> have their campuses in Toyonaka.


{{Weather box
The Harada Shinto shrine is located in Toyonaka, adjacent to the Hankyu Okamachi station. Founded during the reign of the Emperor Tenmu (672-686), the wooden shrine was rebuilt in 1652 and again in 1781. An important cultural property, it is known for its copse of camphor trees and it is the site of the popular Lion Festival each October.<ref> http://www.nihon-kankou.or.jp.e.wp.hp.transer.com/osaka/detail/27203ba2212055492</ref>
|width=auto
|collapsed = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = Toyonaka (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present)
|Jan record high C = 18.8
|Feb record high C = 22.2
|Mar record high C = 23.4
|Apr record high C = 30.8
|May record high C = 33.2
|Jun record high C = 37.9
|Jul record high C = 39.5
|Aug record high C = 39.9
|Sep record high C = 37.3
|Oct record high C = 33.9
|Nov record high C = 26.3
|Dec record high C = 23.7
|Jan record low C = -5.8
|Feb record low C = -6.3
|Mar record low C = -3.7
|Apr record low C = -0.4
|May record low C = 4.6
|Jun record low C = 9.9
|Jul record low C = 15.7
|Aug record low C = 17.3
|Sep record low C = 10.8
|Oct record low C = 3.9
|Nov record low C = 0.0
|Dec record low C = -4.5
|Jan high C = 9.6
|Feb high C = 10.4
|Mar high C = 14.1
|Apr high C = 19.9
|May high C = 25.0
|Jun high C = 28.1
|Jul high C = 31.8
|Aug high C = 33.8
|Sep high C = 29.6
|Oct high C = 23.8
|Nov high C = 17.8
|Dec high C = 12.1
|Jan mean C = 5.1
|Feb mean C = 5.7
|Mar mean C = 9.1
|Apr mean C = 14.5
|May mean C = 19.5
|Jun mean C = 23.3
|Jul mean C = 27.4
|Aug mean C = 28.7
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 18.7
|Nov mean C = 12.7
|Dec mean C = 7.4
|Jan low C = 0.7
|Feb low C = 1.0
|Mar low C = 4.0
|Apr low C = 9.1
|May low C = 14.3
|Jun low C = 19.3
|Jul low C = 23.8
|Aug low C = 24.8
|Sep low C = 20.7
|Oct low C = 14.2
|Nov low C = 7.8
|Dec low C = 2.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 44.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 59.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 97.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 98.2
|May precipitation mm = 137.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 180.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 182.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 122.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 159.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 127.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 68.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 49.6
|year precipitation mm = 1326.3
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 5.4
|Feb precipitation days = 6.2
|Mar precipitation days = 9.2
|Apr precipitation days = 8.8
|May precipitation days = 9.7
|Jun precipitation days = 11.1
|Jul precipitation days = 10.6
|Aug precipitation days = 7.2
|Sep precipitation days = 9.9
|Oct precipitation days = 8.5
|Nov precipitation days = 5.8
|Dec precipitation days = 6.0
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=62&block_no=0602&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = April 12, 2022}}</ref><ref name=normals>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=62&block_no=0602&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = April 12, 2022}}</ref>}}


==History==
The area of Toyonaka was part of ancient [[Settsu Province]]. The village of Toyonaka was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. It was raised to town status on April 1, 1927, and to city status on October 15, 1936. On April 1, 2001, Toyonaka was designated a [[Special cities of Japan|Special city]] with increased local autonomy. It was further promoted to a [[Core cities of Japan|core city]] on April 1, 2012.


==Government==
The [[Diplomatic missions of Russia|Consulate-General of Russia in Osaka]] is located in Toyonaka.<ref>"[http://www.m-osaka.com/en/consulate/index.html List of Consulates in Kansai Area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923210956/http://www.m-osaka.com/en/consulate/index.html |date=2008-09-23 }}." ''Creation Core Higashi Osaka''. Retrieved on January 15, 2009.</ref>
Toyonaka has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 34 members. Toyonaka contributes four members to the [[Osaka Prefectural Assembly]]. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Osaka 8th district of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].

==Economy==
Toyonaka is a regional commercial center and distribution hub for Osaka. Due to its proximity to the Osaka metropolitan area, it is also a [[commuter town]], and includes Senri New Town and other large-scale housing developments. Manufacturing industry is concentrated in the south. Economically, the city has a long-standing relationship with [[Hankyu Corporation]]. Therefore, many of the core companies of the Hankyu and Hanshin group are headquartered in Toyonaka.

==Education==
Toyonaka has 41 public elementary schools and 17 public middle schools operated by the city government and five public high school operated by the Osaka Prefectural Department of Education. There are also one private elementary school, one private middle school and four private high schools. The prefecture also operates two special education schools for the handicapped. The [[Osaka College of Music]] is located in Toyonaka.


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
===Airports===
[[Osaka International Airport]] is partially located in Toyonaka including its terminal, although it is more commonly associated with the city of [[Itami]].
[[Osaka International Airport]] is partially located in Toyonaka including its terminal, although it is more commonly associated with the city of [[Itami]].


===Railway===
The city is served by the [[Osaka Monorail]] ([[Senri-Chūō Station]], [[Shōji Station (Toyonaka)|Shōji Station]], [[Shibahara Station]], [[Hotarugaike Station]] and [[Osaka Airport Station]]), the [[Kita-Osaka Kyūkō Railway]] ([[Senri-Chūō Station]] and [[Ryokuchi-kōen Station]]) and the [[Hankyu Takarazuka Line]] ([[Shōnai Station (Osaka)|Shōnai Station]], [[Hattori-tenjin Station]], [[Sone Station (Osaka)|Sone Station]], [[Okamachi Station]], [[Toyonaka Station]] and [[Hotarugaike Station]]).
[[File:Kitakyu-logo.svg|20px]] [[Kita-Osaka Kyūkō Railway]]
* {{STN|Senri-Chūō}} - {{STN|Momoyamadai}} - {{STN|Ryokuchi-kōen}}
[[File:Hankyu Railway Logo.svg|22px]] [[Hankyu Railway]] [[Hankyu Takarazuka Line]]
* {{STN|Shōnai|Osaka}} - {{STN|Hattori-tenjin}} - {{STN|Sone|Osaka}} - {{STN|Okamachi}} - {{STN|Toyonaka}} - {{STN|Hotarugaike}}
[[File:Osaka monorail logo.svg|22px]] [[Osaka Monorail]] - [[Osaka Monorail Main Line|Main Line]]
* [[Itami Airport|Osaka Airport]] - {{STN|Hotarugaike}} - {{STN|Shibahara-handai-mae}} - {{STN|Shōji|Toyonaka}} - {{STN|Senri-Chūō}}


===Highway===
==Points of interest==
* [[File:JP Expressway E2A.svg|25px|link=|alt=]] [[Chūgoku Expressway]]
* [[File:JP Expressway E1.svg|25px|link=|alt=]] [[Meishin Expressway]]
* [[file:Hanshin Urban Expwy Sign 0011.svg|25px]] [[Ikeda Route|Hanshin Expressway Route 11 Ikeda Route]]
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|171}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|176}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|423}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|479}}

==Sister city relations==
*{{flagdeco|US}} - [[San Mateo, California]], United States<ref>"San Mateo and Toyonaka Celebrate 50 Years" in the [http://www.cityofsanmateo.org/documentcenter/view/37513 2013 Late Summer Edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630124647/http://www.cityofsanmateo.org/DocumentCenter/View/37513 |date=June 30, 2014 }} of the San Mateo City Newsletter. Retrieved on February 18, 2016.</ref>

The [[Diplomatic missions of Russia|Consulate-General of Russia in Osaka]] is located in Toyonaka.<ref>"[http://www.m-osaka.com/en/consulate/index.html List of Consulates in Kansai Area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923210956/http://www.m-osaka.com/en/consulate/index.html |date=2008-09-23 }}." ''Creation Core Higashi Osaka''. Retrieved on January 15, 2009.</ref>

==Local attractions==
*Harada Shrine. Founded during the reign of the Emperor Tenmu (672–686), the wooden shrine was rebuilt in 1652 and again in 1781. An important cultural property, it is known for its copse of camphor trees and it is the site of the popular Lion Festival each October.<ref>http://www.nihon-kankou.or.jp.e.wp.hp.transer.com/osaka/detail/27203ba2212055492 {{Dead link|date=August 2022}}</ref>
* [[Hattori Ryokuchi Arboretum]]
* [[Hattori Ryokuchi Arboretum]]
* [[Hattori Ryokuchi Park]]
* [[Hattori Ryokuchi Park]]
* [[Osaka University]]
* [[Osaka University]]
* Open-Air Museum of Old Japanese Farm Houses


==Notable people from Toyonaka==
==Sister cities==
*[[Shōzō Endō]], comedian
* {{Flagicon|USA}} [[San Mateo, California]], USA
*[[Takashi Fujii]], television performer

*[[Mai Hosho]], actress <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:宝生舞 ～タレント名鑑～ ― スポニチ Sponichi Annex 芸能|url = http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/meikan/ha/housyo_mai.html|website = www.sponichi.co.jp|access-date = 2016-02-20|last = 株式会社スポーツニッポン新聞社マルチメディア事業本部|language = Japanese}}</ref>
==Notable people==
*[[Tak Matsumoto]], musician and guitarist ([[B'z]])
*[[Matthew Minami|Takashi Fujii]] - television performer
*[[Yoshihiro Murai]], governor of [[Miyagi prefecture]] (2005–present)
*[[Mai Hosho]] - actress <ref>{{Cite web|title = 宝生舞 ～タレント名鑑～ ― スポニチ Sponichi Annex 芸能|url = http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/meikan/ha/housyo_mai.html|website = www.sponichi.co.jp|access-date = 2016-02-20|last = 株式会社スポーツニッポン新聞社マルチメディア事業本部|language = Japanese}}</ref>
*[[Tak Matsumoto]] - musician and guitarist ([[B'z]])
*[[Yukie Nishimura]], pianist and composer
*[[Masashi Oguro]], soccer player
*[[Yoshihiro Murai]] - governor of [[Miyagi prefecture]] (2005–present)
*[[Panchan Rina]], kickboxer
*[[Masashi Oguro]] - soccer player
*[[Kaoru Shintani]] - manga artist
*[[Kaoru Shintani]], manga artist
*[[Sanshiro Takagi]], professional wrestler
*[[Shōzō Endō]] - comedian
*[[Naoki Tanaka (comedian)|Naoki Tanaka]] - comedian
*[[Naoki Tanaka (comedian)|Naoki Tanaka]], comedian
*[[Naoki Tanizaki]], professional wrestler
*[[Osamu Tezuka]] - manga artist and animator
*[[Hitomi Yaida]] - singer and songwriter
*[[Osamu Tezuka]], manga artist and animator
*[[Yukie Nishimura]] - pianist and composer
*[[Hitomi Yaida]], singer and songwriter
*[[Unagi Sayaka]] , professional wrestler


==References==
==References==
Line 76: Line 266:
==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.city.toyonaka.osaka.jp}} {{jp icon}}
* {{Official website|http://www.city.toyonaka.osaka.jp}} {{in lang|ja}}


{{Osaka}}
{{Osaka}}

{{Metropolitan cities of Japan}}
{{Metropolitan cities of Japan}}
{{Most populous cities in Japan}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Cities in Osaka Prefecture]]
[[Category:Cities in Osaka Prefecture]]
[[Category:Toyonaka, Osaka| ]]

Latest revision as of 20:15, 3 May 2024

This article is about the city in Osaka. For the former town in Kagawa, see Toyonaka, Kagawa.
Toyonaka
豊中市
Core city
Toyonaka City Hall
Toyonaka City Hall
Flag of Toyonaka
Flag
Official seal of Toyonaka
Seal
Map
Location of Toyonaka in Osaka Prefecture
Location of Toyonaka
Toyonaka is located in Japan
Toyonaka
Toyonaka
Location in Japan
Coordinates: 34°47′N 135°28′E / 34.783°N 135.467°E / 34.783; 135.467
CountryJapan
RegionKansai
PrefectureOsaka
Government
 • MayorShigeki Osanai (from May 2018)
Area
 • Total36.39 km2 (14.05 sq mi)
Population
 (May 1, 2023)
 • Total399,263
 • Density11,000/km2 (28,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+09:00 (JST)
City hall address3-1-1 Nakasakurazuka, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka-fu 561-8501
ClimateCfa
WebsiteOfficial website
Symbols
FlowerRose
TreeSweet Osmanthus
Hattori Ryokuchi Park

Toyonaka (豊中市, Toyonaka-shi) is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2023, the city had an estimated population of 399,263 in 179651 households and a population density of 5700 persons per km2.[1] The total area of the city is 36.39 square kilometres (14.05 sq mi). It is a suburban city of Osaka City and a part of the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area.

Geography[edit]

Toyonaka is located in northern Osaka Prefecture. Topographically, the northern part is high (facing the Senri Hills), and the southern part is low (facing the Osaka Plain). A gently sloping terrace of 20 to 50 meters above sea level distributed on the western edge of the city is called the Toyonaka Plateau, which forms the center of the urban area. With the exception of the buffered green zone around Osaka International Airport, the area of Toyonaka is almost urbanized.

Neighboring municipalities[edit]

Osaka Prefecture

Hyōgo Prefecture

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1950 102,304—    
1955 127,678+24.8%
1960 199,065+55.9%
1965 291,936+46.7%
1970 368,498+26.2%
1975 398,384+8.1%
1980 403,174+1.2%
1985 413,213+2.5%
1990 409,837−0.8%
1995 398,908−2.7%
2000 391,726−1.8%
2005 386,623−1.3%
2010 389,359+0.7%
2015 395,479+1.6%
2020 401,558+1.5%
Toyonaka population statistics[2]

Climate[edit]

Toyonaka has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Toyonaka is 16.4 °C (61.5 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,326.3 mm (52.22 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 28.7 °C (83.7 °F), and lowest in January, at around 5.1 °C (41.2 °F).[3]

Climate data for Toyonaka (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.8
(65.8) 		22.2
(72.0) 		23.4
(74.1) 		30.8
(87.4) 		33.2
(91.8) 		37.9
(100.2) 		39.5
(103.1) 		39.9
(103.8) 		37.3
(99.1) 		33.9
(93.0) 		26.3
(79.3) 		23.7
(74.7) 		39.9
(103.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.6
(49.3) 		10.4
(50.7) 		14.1
(57.4) 		19.9
(67.8) 		25.0
(77.0) 		28.1
(82.6) 		31.8
(89.2) 		33.8
(92.8) 		29.6
(85.3) 		23.8
(74.8) 		17.8
(64.0) 		12.1
(53.8) 		21.3
(70.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.1
(41.2) 		5.7
(42.3) 		9.1
(48.4) 		14.5
(58.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		23.3
(73.9) 		27.4
(81.3) 		28.7
(83.7) 		24.7
(76.5) 		18.7
(65.7) 		12.7
(54.9) 		7.4
(45.3) 		16.4
(61.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3) 		1.0
(33.8) 		4.0
(39.2) 		9.1
(48.4) 		14.3
(57.7) 		19.3
(66.7) 		23.8
(74.8) 		24.8
(76.6) 		20.7
(69.3) 		14.2
(57.6) 		7.8
(46.0) 		2.8
(37.0) 		11.9
(53.4)
Record low °C (°F) −5.8
(21.6) 		−6.3
(20.7) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		4.6
(40.3) 		9.9
(49.8) 		15.7
(60.3) 		17.3
(63.1) 		10.8
(51.4) 		3.9
(39.0) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−6.3
(20.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 44.4
(1.75) 		59.3
(2.33) 		97.1
(3.82) 		98.2
(3.87) 		137.4
(5.41) 		180.1
(7.09) 		182.6
(7.19) 		122.8
(4.83) 		159.2
(6.27) 		127.1
(5.00) 		68.5
(2.70) 		49.6
(1.95) 		1,326.3
(52.22)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 5.4 6.2 9.2 8.8 9.7 11.1 10.6 7.2 9.9 8.5 5.8 6.0 98.4
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[4][3]

History[edit]

The area of Toyonaka was part of ancient Settsu Province. The village of Toyonaka was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. It was raised to town status on April 1, 1927, and to city status on October 15, 1936. On April 1, 2001, Toyonaka was designated a Special city with increased local autonomy. It was further promoted to a core city on April 1, 2012.

Government[edit]

Toyonaka has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 34 members. Toyonaka contributes four members to the Osaka Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Osaka 8th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy[edit]

Toyonaka is a regional commercial center and distribution hub for Osaka. Due to its proximity to the Osaka metropolitan area, it is also a commuter town, and includes Senri New Town and other large-scale housing developments. Manufacturing industry is concentrated in the south. Economically, the city has a long-standing relationship with Hankyu Corporation. Therefore, many of the core companies of the Hankyu and Hanshin group are headquartered in Toyonaka.

Education[edit]

Toyonaka has 41 public elementary schools and 17 public middle schools operated by the city government and five public high school operated by the Osaka Prefectural Department of Education. There are also one private elementary school, one private middle school and four private high schools. The prefecture also operates two special education schools for the handicapped. The Osaka College of Music is located in Toyonaka.

Transportation[edit]

Airports[edit]

Osaka International Airport is partially located in Toyonaka including its terminal, although it is more commonly associated with the city of Itami.

Railway[edit]

Kita-Osaka Kyūkō Railway

Hankyu Railway Hankyu Takarazuka Line

Osaka Monorail - Main Line

Highway[edit]

Sister city relations[edit]

The Consulate-General of Russia in Osaka is located in Toyonaka.[6]

Local attractions[edit]

  • Harada Shrine. Founded during the reign of the Emperor Tenmu (672–686), the wooden shrine was rebuilt in 1652 and again in 1781. An important cultural property, it is known for its copse of camphor trees and it is the site of the popular Lion Festival each October.[7]
  • Hattori Ryokuchi Arboretum
  • Hattori Ryokuchi Park
  • Osaka University
  • Open-Air Museum of Old Japanese Farm Houses

Notable people from Toyonaka[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Toyonaka city official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
  2. ^ Toyonaka population statistics
  3. ^ a b 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  4. ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  5. ^ "San Mateo and Toyonaka Celebrate 50 Years" in the 2013 Late Summer Edition Archived June 30, 2014, at the Wayback Machine of the San Mateo City Newsletter. Retrieved on February 18, 2016.
  6. ^ "List of Consulates in Kansai Area Archived 2008-09-23 at the Wayback Machine." Creation Core Higashi Osaka. Retrieved on January 15, 2009.
  7. ^ http://www.nihon-kankou.or.jp.e.wp.hp.transer.com/osaka/detail/27203ba2212055492 [dead link]
  8. ^ 株式会社スポーツニッポン新聞社マルチメディア事業本部. 宝生舞 ～タレント名鑑～ ― スポニチ Sponichi Annex 芸能. www.sponichi.co.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2016-02-20.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toyonaka, Osaka.
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