Matsue: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 35°28′05″N 133°02′55″E / 35.46806°N 133.04861°E / 35.46806; 133.04861
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| image_seal = File:Emblem of Matsue, Shimane.svg
| image_seal = File:Emblem of Matsue, Shimane.svg
| seal_type = Emblem
| seal_type = Emblem
| image_map = Matsue in Shimane Prefecture Ja.svg
| image_map1 = Matsue in Shimane Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
| image_map= {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=8}}
| map_caption = Location of Matsue in [[Shimane Prefecture]]
| map_caption = Location of Matsue in Shimane Prefecture
| pushpin_map = Japan
| pushpin_map = Japan
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Japan
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Japan
| coordinates = {{coord|35|28|15|N|133|03|07|E|region:JP-32|display=it}}
| coordinates = {{coord|35|28|05|N|133|02|55|E|region:JP-32|display=it}}
| coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location -->| subdivision_type = Country
<!-- location -->| subdivision_type = Country
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Chūgoku region|Chūgoku]] ([[San'in region|San'in]])
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chūgoku region|Chūgoku]] ([[San'in region|San'in]])
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shimane Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shimane Prefecture|Shimane]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Japan|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Japan|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = <!-- established -->
| subdivision_name3 = <!-- established -->
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| elevation_m = <!-- population -->
| elevation_m = <!-- population -->
| population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total = 202008
| population_total = 196748
| population_as_of = February 1, 2021
| population_as_of = March 31, 2023
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_est =
| population_est =
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<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1 = City hall address
| blank_name_sec1 = City hall address
| blank_info_sec1 = 86 Suetsugu, Matsue-shi, Shimane-ken<br />690-8540
| blank_info_sec1 = 86 Suetsugu, Matsue-shi, Shimane-ken 690-8540
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
<!-- website, footnotes -->| website = {{URL|www.city.matsue.shimane.jp}}
<!-- website, footnotes -->| website = {{Official|1=www.city.matsue.shimane.jp}}
| footnotes =
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| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
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{{nihongo|'''Matsue'''|松江市|Matsue-shi|lead=yes}} is the capital [[Cities of Japan|city]] of [[Shimane Prefecture]], [[Japan]], located in the [[Chūgoku region]] of [[Honshu]].<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA600#v=onepage&q&f=false "Matsue"] in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 617; [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA127#v=onepage&q&f=false "Chūgoku"] at p. 127.</ref><ref>Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO), [http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/location/regional/shimane/matsue.html "Matsue area"]; retrieved 2012-2-11.</ref> The city has an estimated population of 202,008 (February 1, 2021) following the merger with [[Higashiizumo, Shimane|Higashiizumo]] from [[Yatsuka District, Shimane|Yatsuka District]].
{{nihongo|'''Matsue'''|松江市|Matsue-shi|lead=yes}} is the capital [[Cities of Japan|city]] of [[Shimane Prefecture]], [[Japan]], located in the [[Chūgoku region]] of [[Honshu]].<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA600 "Matsue"] in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 617; [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA127 "Chūgoku"] at p. 127.</ref><ref>Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO), [http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/location/regional/shimane/matsue.html "Matsue area"]; retrieved 2012-2-11.</ref> {{As of|2023|03|31}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 196,748 in 91287 households and a [[population density]] of 340 persons per km².<ref name="Matsue-hp">{{cite web |url=https://www.city.matsue.lg.jp/soshikikarasagasu/kenkofukushibu_kenkofukushisomuka/koreishafukushi_kaigo/1/986.html |title= Matsue City official statistics|location= Japan|language= ja}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{convert|572.99|sqkm|sqmi}}. Matsue is home to the [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa]]-era [[Matsue Castle]], one of the last surviving [[feudal]] castles in Japan.


==Geography==
Matsue is located at the northernmost point of Shimane Prefecture, between [[Lake Shinji]] and [[Nakaumi]] on the banks of the Ohashi River connecting the two [[lake]]s, though the [[city proper]] reaches the [[Sea of Japan]] coast. Matsue is the center of the Lake Shinji-Nakaumi [[metropolitan area]], and with a population of approximately 600,000 is the second largest on the Sea of Japan coast after [[Niigata (city)|Niigata]].
Matsue is located at the northernmost point of Shimane Prefecture, between [[Lake Shinji]] and [[Nakaumi]] on the banks of the Ohashi River connecting the two lakes, though the [[city proper]] reaches the [[Sea of Japan]] coast. Matsue is the center of the Lake Shinji-Nakaumi [[metropolitan area]], which has a population of approximately 600,000 in 2020. The Lake Shinji-Nakaumi metropolitan area is the fourth largest on the [[Sea of Japan]] coast after [[Niigata (city)|Niigata]], Greater [[Kanazawa]], and [[Fukui (city)|Fukui]].<ref>{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723122235/http://www.cgr.mlit.go.jp/kurayoshi/road/douroseibibennkyoukai/pdf/r021120_3_kennikigaiyou.pdf |date=July 23, 2023 |title=中海・宍道湖圏域の概要}} </ref>


Matsue is home to the [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa]]-era [[Matsue Castle]], one of the last surviving [[feudal]] castles in Japan.

== History ==
{{stack|[[File:Matsue view from matsue castle - 2019 1 4.webm|thumb|thumbtime=26|City view from [[Matsue Castle]], 2019]]}}
The present-day castle town of Matsue was originally established by [[Horio Yoshiharu]], lord of the Matsue clan, when he built Matsue castle and planned the surrounding Castle town over a five-year period from 1607 to 1611. Matsue continued to be the seat of power in the Sanin Region for many years.

Matsue was first ruled by the Horio family. Horio Yoshiharu's son Tadauji died before his father, thus the province was inherited by his grandson Tadaharu. However, Tadaharu died childless so the province was passed on to the [[Kyōgoku clan|Kyogoku]]. The Kyogoku were ''daimyō'' from Omi and Wakasa. Kyogoku Takatsugu served Nobunaga and Hideyoshi. Takatsugu's son Tadataka married the 4th daughter of Hidetada, Hatsu. He served in the Battle of Osaka and reportedly took 300 heads. In 1634, he received the province of Izumo, succeeding the childless Horio Tadaharu. During his rule he was instrumental in engineering projects that helped control the flow of the Hiikawa river.

In 1637, Tadataka also died childless and the domain passed to the Matsudaira. Naomasa was the third son of Hideyasu. Hideyasu, daimyō of Echizen, himself was the second son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, making Naomasa the grandson of the first Tokugawa Shōgun Ieyasu. Naomasa made a name for himself fighting in the Battle of Osaka at the age of 14. He was daimyō of Ono in Echizen and later Matsumoto in Shinano before becoming the ruler of Izumo 1638. Unlike the previous rulers Naomasa had children and his heirs managed to keep Izumo for ten generations until the end of the Edo Bakufu.
Overall, ten Matsudaira Daimyō ruled from Matsue. The most famous after the first (Matsudaira Naomasa) is the seventh, [[Matsudaira Harusato]], more commonly referred to as Lord Fumai (不昧公).<ref>https://fumaikou.jp/about {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref> He revolutionized the administrative system of the Matsue clan which was in financial difficulties and put it back on its feet. He invested in Mulberry bushes and promoted special foods like clams that were a delicacy in Matsue. Harusato was a great enthusiast of Tea Ceremony. His Tea Ceremony name was Fumai. He founded his own school, Unshyu. He has left the Meimei-An a famous tea house still operating in Matsue. Because his influence on wagashi, Japanese sweets for Tea Ceremony from Matsue are famous, especially one called ''wakakusa''.

The city boasts [[Matsue Castle]], the "black castle" or "plover castle". It is one of the 12 remaining original castles in Japan. It is the second largest, the third tallest and the sixth oldest. The castle grounds include a winding path through mixed forests of bamboo, shrubs and trees, many of which are very old and identified by species. Surrounding the grounds and the castle park is the old moat, "horikawa".

Author [[Lafcadio Hearn]] taught in Matsue from 1890–1891. His [[Lafcadio Hearn Memorial Museum|house is now a museum]] about his life, and a popular tourist attraction in Matsue. Throughout the city there are monuments and landmarks honouring Hearn. Other museums in the city include the [[Shimane Art Museum]] and [[Tanabe Art Museum]].

[[Sada Jinja]] in Matsue is the home to Sada Shin Noh, a sacred dance comprising a series of purification rituals related to the changing of the rush mats within the shrine. The mats are held by dancers who then offer them to deities to sit upon. Diverse dance forms are performed on a stage in the shrine accompanied by singing, flute and drums. The performance art is transmitted from generation to generation by the community. In November 2011, Sada Shin Noh was inscribed on the [[UNESCO]] [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00412 |title=Sada Shin Noh, sacred dancing at Sada shrine, Shimane |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=31 January 2012}}</ref> Other important shrines include [[Yaegaki Shrine|Yaegaki Jinja]], [[Kamosu Jinja]], and [[Miho Jinja]], and there are the ruins of [[Izumo Province|Izumo]] [[Provincial temple|Kokubunji]], an [[Monuments of Japan|Historic Site]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/401/2149 |title=Izumo Kokunbunji |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |access-date=31 January 2012}}</ref>

=== Municipal timeline ===
* April 1, 1889: the original city of Matsue was founded.
* March 31, 2005: the original city of Matsue absorbed the towns of [[Kashima, Shimane|Kashima]], [[Mihonoseki, Shimane|Mihonoseki]], [[Shimane, Shimane|Shimane]], [[Shinji, Shimane|Shinji]], [[Tamayu, Shimane|Tamayu]] and [[Yatsuka, Shimane|Yatsuka]], and the village of [[Yakumo, Shimane|Yakumo]], all from [[Yatsuka District, Shimane|Yatsuka District]], to create the new and expanded city of Matsue.
* August 1, 2011: the town of [[Higashiizumo, Shimane|Higashiizumo]] (also from [[Yatsuka District, Shimane|Yatsuka District]]) was merged into Matsue.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sanin-chuo.co.jp/news/modules/news/article.php?storyid=523566006 |script-title=ja:松江市が人口「最下位」を返上 |publisher=Sanin-Chūō Shimbun |language=ja |access-date=2011-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224233713/http://www.sanin-chuo.co.jp/news/modules/news/article.php?storyid=523566006 |archive-date=2010-12-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* April 1, 2018: Matsue became a core city.

==Geography==
===Climate===
===Climate===
Matsue has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa'') with very warm summers and cool winters. Precipitation is abundant throughout the year, and is somewhat heavier in June, July and September. The average annual temperature in Matsue is {{convert|15.2|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|1791.9|mm}} with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around {{convert|27.1|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{convert|4.6|C}}.<ref name=JMA/> The highest temperature ever recorded in Matsue was {{cvt|38.5|C}} on 1 August 1994; the coldest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|-8.7|C}} on 19 February 1977.<ref name=JMA/>
Matsue has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa'') with very warm summers and cool winters. Precipitation is abundant throughout the year, and is somewhat heavier in June, July and September. The average annual temperature in Matsue is {{convert|15.2|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|1791.9|mm}} with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around {{convert|27.1|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{convert|4.6|C}}.<ref name=JMA/> The highest temperature ever recorded in Matsue was {{cvt|38.5|C}} on 1 August 1994; the coldest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|-8.7|C}} on 19 February 1977.<ref name=JMA/>
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}}
}}
{{Weather box|width=auto
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Kashima, Matsue (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)
|location = [[Kashima, Shimane|Kashima]], Matsue (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)
|single line = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|metric first = Y
|Jan record high C =
|Jan record high C = 19.3
|Feb record high C =
|Feb record high C = 22.7
|Mar record high C =
|Mar record high C = 24.7
|Apr record high C =
|Apr record high C = 29.3
|May record high C =
|May record high C = 31.8
|Jun record high C =
|Jun record high C = 35.1
|Jul record high C =
|Jul record high C = 36.8
|Aug record high C =
|Aug record high C = 37.5
|Sep record high C =
|Sep record high C = 35.8
|Oct record high C =
|Oct record high C = 31.7
|Nov record high C =
|Nov record high C = 26.8
|Dec record high C =
|Dec record high C = 22.2
|Jan record low C =
|Jan record low C = -6.6
|Feb record low C =
|Feb record low C = -9.9
|Mar record low C =
|Mar record low C = -4.5
|Apr record low C =
|Apr record low C = -2.3
|May record low C =
|May record low C = 2.5
|Jun record low C =
|Jun record low C = 9.1
|Jul record low C =
|Jul record low C = 12.3
|Aug record low C =
|Aug record low C = 14.7
|Sep record low C =
|Sep record low C = 7.3
|Oct record low C =
|Oct record low C = 3.0
|Nov record low C =
|Nov record low C = -0.8
|Dec record low C =
|Dec record low C = -3.5
|Jan high C = 8.3
|Jan high C = 8.3
|Feb high C = 9.1
|Feb high C = 9.1
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===Demographics===
===Demographics===
Per Japanese census data, the population of Matsue in 2020 is 203,616 people.<ref name=zensus/> Matsue has been conducting censuses since 1920.


{{Historical populations
== Culture ==
| 1920 | 118138
Various traditional festivals are still held, such as Dōgyōretsu, a drum parade held annually on the third Sunday of October,<ref>http://www.dogyoretsu.jp/history</ref> and Hōranenya, one of Japan's top three boat festivals that is held only once every 10 years (most recently in May 2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASJB0400F_U0A800C1LCA000/|title=松江の船神事「ホーランエンヤ」 開催周期10年に短縮|date=5 August 2010}}</ref>
| 1925 | 122592
| 1930 | 129262
| 1935 | 135250
| 1940 | 134221
| 1945 | 154617
| 1950 | 159374
| 1955 | 166907
| 1960 | 168375
| 1965 | 169153
| 1970 | 175399
| 1975 | 184157
| 1980 | 194173
| 1985 | 201026
| 1990 | 203298
| 1995 | 206718
| 2000 | 211564
| 2005 | 210796
| 2010 | 207682
| 2015 | 206230
| 2020 | 203616
|align = none
|cols=3
| footnote = Matsue population statistics<ref name=zensus>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/shimane/ Matsue population statistics]</ref>
}}


==Education==
== History ==
{{stack|[[File:Matsue view from matsue castle - 2019 1 4.webm|thumb|thumbtime=26|City view from [[Matsue Castle]], 2019]]}}
Matsue is located within ancient [[Izumo Province]] and there are many [[archaeological site]]s from the [[Yayoi period|Yayoi]], [[Kofun period|Kofun]]s and [[Nara period]]s within the city borders. The area was also the stronghold of the [[Amago clan]] during the [[Sengoku period]].
The present-day [[jōkamachi|castle town]] of Matsue was originally established by [[Horio Yoshiharu]], lord of the Matsue clan, when he built Matsue castle and planned the surrounding town over a five-year period from 1607 to 1611. Matsue continued to be the seat of [[Matsue Domain]] under the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] until the [[Meiji restoration]]. Horio Yoshiharu's son Tadauji died before his father, thus the province was inherited by his grandson Tadaharu. However, Tadaharu died childless so the province was passed on to the [[Kyōgoku clan| Kyōgoku]]. Kyōgoku Takatsugu served [[Oda Nobunaga]] and [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]]. Takatsugu's son Tadataka married the 4th daughter of Hidetada, Hatsu. He served in the [[Battle of Osaka]] and reportedly took 300 heads. In 1634, he received the province of Izumo, succeeding the childless Horio Tadaharu. During his rule he was instrumental in engineering projects that helped control the flow of the Hiikawa river.


In 1637, Tadataka also died childless and the domain passed to the [[Matsudaira clan]]. Naomasa was the third son of [[Tokugawa Hideyasu]]. Hideyasu, daimyō of [[Echizen Province]], himself was the second son of [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]], making Naomasa the grandson of the first Tokugawa Shōgun. Naomasa made a name for himself fighting in the Battle of Osaka at the age of 14. He was daimyō of Ono in Echizen and later [[Matsumoto Domain|Matsumoto]] in [[Shinano Province]] before becoming the ruler of Izumo 1638. Unlike the previous rulers Naomasa had children and his heirs managed to keep Izumo for ten generations until the end of the [[Edo period]]. Overall, ten Matsudaira ''daimyō'' ruled Matsue. The most famous after the first (Matsudaira Naomasa) is the seventh, [[Matsudaira Harusato]], more commonly referred to as Fumai (不昧公).<ref>https://fumaikou.jp/about {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref> He revolutionized the administrative system of the Matsue clan which was in financial difficulties and put it back on its feet. He invested in [[mulberry]] bushes and promoted special foods like ''[[Shijimi (clam)|shijimi]]'' clams that were a delicacy in Matsue. Harusato was a great enthusiast of [[Japanese tea ceremony]]. Because his influence on ''[[wagashi]]'', Japanese sweets for the tea ceremony from Matsue are famous, especially one called ''wakakusa''.
===Universities and colleges===


=== Municipal timeline ===
* April 1, 1889: the city of Matsue was founded with the creation of the modern municipalities system
* March 31, 2005: Matsue absorbed the towns of [[Kashima, Shimane|Kashima]], [[Mihonoseki, Shimane|Mihonoseki]], [[Shimane, Shimane|Shimane]], [[Shinji, Shimane|Shinji]], [[Tamayu, Shimane|Tamayu]] and [[Yatsuka, Shimane|Yatsuka]], and the village of [[Yakumo, Shimane|Yakumo]], all from [[Yatsuka District, Shimane|Yatsuka District]], to create the new and expanded city of Matsue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=島根県：市町村合併（トップ / 県政・統計 / 市町村情報 / 市町村情報 / 市町村合併） |url=https://www.pref.shimane.lg.jp/admin/sichoson/sichoson_info/gappei/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=Shima Prefectural Government}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jK33qQjYcQ4C |title=住民基本台帳人口移動報告年報 |date=2005 |publisher=総務庁統計局 |pages=146 |language=ja |trans-title=Annual Report on Population Movement in the Basic Resident Register |quote=Matsue-shi, Kashima-cho, Shimane-cho, Mihonoseki-cho, Yakumo-mura, Tamayu-cho, Shinji-cho and Yatsuka-cho were incorporated into a newly established Matsue-shi as of March 31, 2005.}}</ref>

* August 1, 2011: the town of [[Higashiizumo, Shimane|Higashiizumo]] (also from [[Yatsuka District, Shimane|Yatsuka District]]) was merged into Matsue.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sanin-chuo.co.jp/news/modules/news/article.php?storyid=523566006 |script-title=ja:松江市が人口「最下位」を返上 |publisher=Sanin-Chūō Shimbun |language=ja |access-date=2011-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224233713/http://www.sanin-chuo.co.jp/news/modules/news/article.php?storyid=523566006 |archive-date=2010-12-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* April 1, 2018: Matsue became a [[Core cities of Japan|Core city]] with increased local autonomy

==Government==
Matsue has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 34 members. Matsue conributes 11 members to the Shimane Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the [[Shimane 1st district]] of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].

==Economy==
Matsue is a major regional commercial center and as one of the base cities of the [[San'in region]], and along with Yonago, there are many head offices of companies operating in the San'in region. Agriculture, commercial fishing and tourism play major roles in the local economy; however, the city has only a small industrial base.

==Education==
===Universities and colleges===
* [[Shimane University]]
* [[Shimane University]]
* [[Shimane Prefectural Women's College]]
* [[Matsue College of Technology]]
* [[Matsue College of Technology]]
* [[University of Shimane Junior College]]


===Primary and secondary education===
==Personalities==
Matsue has 33 public elementary school, 17 public junior high schools and one public high school operated by the city government, and seven public high schools operated by the Shimane Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture operates five special education schools for the handicapped. There are also four private high schools.
*[[Kei Nishikori]] (b. 1989), tennis player, was born in Matsue.

*[[Shirō Sano]] (b. 1955), actor, was raised in Matsue.
== Transportation ==
=== Railway ===
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|frameless|20x20px]] [[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]] (JR West) - [[San'in Main Line]]
* {{STN|Shinji}} - {{STN|Kimachi}} - {{STN|Tamatsukuri-Onsen}} - {{STN|Nogi|Shimane}} - {{STN|Matsue}} - {{STN|Higashi-Matsue|Shimane}} - {{STN|Iya}}
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|frameless|20x20px]] [[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]] (JR West) - [[Kisuki Line]]
* {{STN|Shinji}} - {{STN|Minami Shinji}}
[[File:Bataden Logo.png|20px]] [[Ichibata Electric Railway]] (Bataden) - [[Kita-Matsue Line]]
* {{STN|Tsunomori}} - {{STN|Takanomiya}} - {{STN|Matsue Vogel Park}} - {{STN|Aikamachi}} - {{STN|Nagae}} - {{STN|Asahigaoka|Shimane}} - {{STN|Matsue English Garden Mae}} - {{STN|Matsue-Shinjiko-Onsen}}

=== Highways ===
* [[File:JP Expressway E74.svg|25px|link=|alt=]] [[Hamada Expressway]]
* [[File:JP Expressway E54.svg|25px|link=|alt=]] [[Matsue Expressway]]
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|9}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|54}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|431}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|432}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|485}}


==International relations==
==International relations==
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*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Ōguchi, Aichi]]
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Ōguchi, Aichi]]


===Other===
Although not an official friendship city of Matsue, there has been ongoing exchange with [[Dublin]], [[Ireland]] since 1988 when former mayor Nakamura Yoshijirō visited the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www1.city.matsue.shimane.jp/shisei/kouikirenkei/kaigai/airuranndo/ailland.html|title = 松江市:市政情報:アイルランド}}</ref>
Although not an official friendship city of Matsue, there has been ongoing exchange with [[Dublin]], [[Ireland]] since 1988 when former mayor Nakamura Yoshijirō visited the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www1.city.matsue.shimane.jp/shisei/kouikirenkei/kaigai/airuranndo/ailland.html|title = 松江市:市政情報:アイルランド}}</ref>

== Local attractions ==
*[[Matsue Castle]], s one of the 12 remaining original castles in Japan. It is the second largest, the third tallest and the sixth oldest. The castle grounds include a winding path through mixed forests of bamboo, shrubs and trees, many of which are very old and identified by species. Surrounding the grounds and the castle park is the old moat, "horikawa".

*[[Lafcadio Hearn Memorial Museum]], dedicated to the author [[Lafcadio Hearn]], who taught in Matsue from 1890–1891. Throughout the city there are monuments and landmarks honouring Hearn.
*[[Shimane Art Museum]]
*[[Tanabe Art Museum]].

*[[Sada Jinja]] in Matsue is the home to Sada Shin Noh, a sacred dance comprising a series of purification rituals related to the changing of the rush mats within the shrine. The mats are held by dancers who then offer them to deities to sit upon. Diverse dance forms are performed on a stage in the shrine accompanied by singing, flute and drums. The performance art is transmitted from generation to generation by the community. In November 2011, Sada Shin Noh was inscribed on the [[UNESCO]] [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00412 |title=Sada Shin Noh, sacred dancing at Sada shrine, Shimane |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=31 January 2012}}</ref>

*[[Yaegaki Shrine|Yaegaki Jinja]]
*[[Kumano Taisha]], ''[[ichinomiya]]'' of Izumo Province
*[[Kamosu Jinja]],
*[[Miho Jinja]]
*[[Izumo Kokubun-ji]] rruins, a [[Monuments of Japan|National Historic Site]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/401/2149 |title=Izumo Kokunbunji |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |access-date=31 January 2012}}</ref>
*[[Tamatsukuri Onsen]]

===Festivals===
Various traditional festivals are still held, such as Dōgyōretsu, a drum parade held annually on the third Sunday of October,<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.dogyoretsu.jp/history | title=松江市鼕行列保存会 - 鼕と鼕行列の歴史 }}</ref> and Hōranenya, one of Japan's top three boat festivals that is held only once every 10 years (most recently in May 2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASJB0400F_U0A800C1LCA000/|title=松江の船神事「ホーランエンヤ」 開催周期10年に短縮|date=5 August 2010}}</ref>

==Notable people from Matsue==
*[[Takashi Nagai]], physician, Catholic priest
*[[Kei Nishikori]] (b. 1989), tennis player, was born in Matsue.
*[[Wakatsuki Reijirō]], former Prime Minister
*[[Hiroyuki Hosoda]], politician
*[[Shirō Sano]], actor


==References==
==References==
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{{Shimane}}
{{Shimane}}

{{Metropolitan cities of Japan}}
{{Metropolitan cities of Japan}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Cities in Shimane Prefecture]]
[[Category:Cities in Shimane Prefecture]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 2005]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Japan]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Matsue, Shimane| ]]

Latest revision as of 13:17, 17 March 2024

Matsue
松江市
Core city
From top left: Kumano Taisha, Yaegaki Shrine, Miho Shrine, Matsue Castle, Lake Shinji (Yomegashima), Tamatsukuri hot springs, Mihonoseki Lighthouse, Night view of Matsue
From top left: Kumano Taisha, Yaegaki Shrine, Miho Shrine, Matsue Castle, Lake Shinji (Yomegashima), Tamatsukuri hot springs, Mihonoseki Lighthouse, Night view of Matsue
Flag of Matsue
Flag
Official seal of Matsue
Emblem
Map
Location of Matsue in Shimane Prefecture
Location of Matsue
Matsue is located in Japan
Matsue
Matsue
Location in Japan
Coordinates: 35°28′05″N 133°02′55″E / 35.46806°N 133.04861°E / 35.46806; 133.04861
CountryJapan
RegionChūgoku (San'in)
PrefectureShimane
Government
 • MayorUesada Akihito (since April 2021) (Ind.)
Area
 • Total572.99 km2 (221.23 sq mi)
Population
 (March 31, 2023)
 • Total196,748
 • Density340/km2 (890/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+09:00 (JST)
City hall address86 Suetsugu, Matsue-shi, Shimane-ken 690-8540
ClimateCfa
WebsiteOfficial website
Symbols
FlowerCamellia, Peony
TreePinus, Cherry blossom

Matsue (Japanese: 松江市, Hepburn: Matsue-shi) is the capital city of Shimane Prefecture, Japan, located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu.[1][2] As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 196,748 in 91287 households and a population density of 340 persons per km².[3] The total area of the city is 572.99 square kilometres (221.23 sq mi). Matsue is home to the Tokugawa-era Matsue Castle, one of the last surviving feudal castles in Japan.

Geography[edit]

Matsue is located at the northernmost point of Shimane Prefecture, between Lake Shinji and Nakaumi on the banks of the Ohashi River connecting the two lakes, though the city proper reaches the Sea of Japan coast. Matsue is the center of the Lake Shinji-Nakaumi metropolitan area, which has a population of approximately 600,000 in 2020. The Lake Shinji-Nakaumi metropolitan area is the fourth largest on the Sea of Japan coast after Niigata, Greater Kanazawa, and Fukui.[4]

Climate[edit]

Matsue has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with very warm summers and cool winters. Precipitation is abundant throughout the year, and is somewhat heavier in June, July and September. The average annual temperature in Matsue is 15.2 °C (59.4 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,791.9 mm (70.55 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.1 °C (80.8 °F), and lowest in January, at around 4.6 °C (40.3 °F).[5] The highest temperature ever recorded in Matsue was 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) on 1 August 1994; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −8.7 °C (16.3 °F) on 19 February 1977.[5]

Climate data for Matsue (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1940−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.6
(69.1) 		24.7
(76.5) 		26.4
(79.5) 		30.7
(87.3) 		32.4
(90.3) 		35.0
(95.0) 		37.1
(98.8) 		38.5
(101.3) 		36.1
(97.0) 		32.1
(89.8) 		27.4
(81.3) 		23.2
(73.8) 		38.5
(101.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.3
(46.9) 		9.4
(48.9) 		13.1
(55.6) 		18.5
(65.3) 		23.2
(73.8) 		26.2
(79.2) 		29.8
(85.6) 		31.6
(88.9) 		27.1
(80.8) 		22.0
(71.6) 		16.5
(61.7) 		10.9
(51.6) 		19.7
(67.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.6
(40.3) 		5.0
(41.0) 		8.0
(46.4) 		13.1
(55.6) 		18.0
(64.4) 		21.7
(71.1) 		25.8
(78.4) 		27.1
(80.8) 		22.9
(73.2) 		17.4
(63.3) 		12.0
(53.6) 		7.0
(44.6) 		15.2
(59.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.5
(34.7) 		1.3
(34.3) 		3.6
(38.5) 		8.2
(46.8) 		13.5
(56.3) 		18.2
(64.8) 		22.8
(73.0) 		23.8
(74.8) 		19.6
(67.3) 		13.4
(56.1) 		8.0
(46.4) 		3.6
(38.5) 		11.4
(52.5)
Record low °C (°F) −6.9
(19.6) 		−8.7
(16.3) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		2.4
(36.3) 		7.8
(46.0) 		12.9
(55.2) 		15.3
(59.5) 		7.9
(46.2) 		1.6
(34.9) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−8.7
(16.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 153.3
(6.04) 		118.4
(4.66) 		134.0
(5.28) 		113.0
(4.45) 		130.3
(5.13) 		173.0
(6.81) 		234.1
(9.22) 		129.6
(5.10) 		204.1
(8.04) 		126.1
(4.96) 		121.6
(4.79) 		154.5
(6.08) 		1,791.9
(70.55)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 28
(11) 		25
(9.8) 		6
(2.4) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		11
(4.3) 		68
(27)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm) 21.1 16.9 15.0 11.6 10.4 12.0 12.7 10.6 12.6 12.0 14.9 19.8 169.7
Average relative humidity (%) 76 74 72 70 71 78 80 77 79 76 76 76 75
Mean monthly sunshine hours 67.4 88.6 140.5 182.4 206.5 157.1 168.6 201.0 146.2 154.4 113.8 78.8 1,705.2
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[5]
Climate data for Kashima, Matsue (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.3
(66.7) 		22.7
(72.9) 		24.7
(76.5) 		29.3
(84.7) 		31.8
(89.2) 		35.1
(95.2) 		36.8
(98.2) 		37.5
(99.5) 		35.8
(96.4) 		31.7
(89.1) 		26.8
(80.2) 		22.2
(72.0) 		37.5
(99.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.3
(46.9) 		9.1
(48.4) 		12.5
(54.5) 		17.8
(64.0) 		22.5
(72.5) 		25.6
(78.1) 		29.1
(84.4) 		30.7
(87.3) 		26.7
(80.1) 		21.8
(71.2) 		16.5
(61.7) 		11.1
(52.0) 		19.3
(66.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.8
(40.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		7.7
(45.9) 		12.5
(54.5) 		17.4
(63.3) 		21.1
(70.0) 		25.1
(77.2) 		26.3
(79.3) 		22.3
(72.1) 		16.9
(62.4) 		11.8
(53.2) 		7.1
(44.8) 		14.8
(58.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.3
(34.3) 		0.9
(33.6) 		2.6
(36.7) 		6.9
(44.4) 		12.3
(54.1) 		17.3
(63.1) 		21.8
(71.2) 		22.6
(72.7) 		18.4
(65.1) 		12.3
(54.1) 		7.4
(45.3) 		3.4
(38.1) 		10.6
(51.1)
Record low °C (°F) −6.6
(20.1) 		−9.9
(14.2) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		2.5
(36.5) 		9.1
(48.4) 		12.3
(54.1) 		14.7
(58.5) 		7.3
(45.1) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−9.9
(14.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 143.7
(5.66) 		108.0
(4.25) 		124.9
(4.92) 		105.6
(4.16) 		121.5
(4.78) 		166.9
(6.57) 		224.8
(8.85) 		136.4
(5.37) 		198.9
(7.83) 		122.6
(4.83) 		131.8
(5.19) 		157.7
(6.21) 		1,742.8
(68.61)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 18.4 14.4 13.2 9.8 9.1 10.7 11.8 9.5 11.5 10.6 13.4 17.9 150.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 55.8 81.0 142.1 192.4 215.8 163.8 181.6 214.9 156.9 157.8 105.8 67.1 1,735.1
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[6][7]

Demographics[edit]

Per Japanese census data, the population of Matsue in 2020 is 203,616 people.[8] Matsue has been conducting censuses since 1920.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1920 118,138—    
1925 122,592+3.8%
1930 129,262+5.4%
1935 135,250+4.6%
1940 134,221−0.8%
1945 154,617+15.2%
1950 159,374+3.1%
YearPop.±%
1955 166,907+4.7%
1960 168,375+0.9%
1965 169,153+0.5%
1970 175,399+3.7%
1975 184,157+5.0%
1980 194,173+5.4%
1985 201,026+3.5%
YearPop.±%
1990 203,298+1.1%
1995 206,718+1.7%
2000 211,564+2.3%
2005 210,796−0.4%
2010 207,682−1.5%
2015 206,230−0.7%
2020 203,616−1.3%
Matsue population statistics[8]

History[edit]

City view from Matsue Castle, 2019

Matsue is located within ancient Izumo Province and there are many archaeological sites from the Yayoi, Kofuns and Nara periods within the city borders. The area was also the stronghold of the Amago clan during the Sengoku period. The present-day castle town of Matsue was originally established by Horio Yoshiharu, lord of the Matsue clan, when he built Matsue castle and planned the surrounding town over a five-year period from 1607 to 1611. Matsue continued to be the seat of Matsue Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate until the Meiji restoration. Horio Yoshiharu's son Tadauji died before his father, thus the province was inherited by his grandson Tadaharu. However, Tadaharu died childless so the province was passed on to the Kyōgoku. Kyōgoku Takatsugu served Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Takatsugu's son Tadataka married the 4th daughter of Hidetada, Hatsu. He served in the Battle of Osaka and reportedly took 300 heads. In 1634, he received the province of Izumo, succeeding the childless Horio Tadaharu. During his rule he was instrumental in engineering projects that helped control the flow of the Hiikawa river.

In 1637, Tadataka also died childless and the domain passed to the Matsudaira clan. Naomasa was the third son of Tokugawa Hideyasu. Hideyasu, daimyō of Echizen Province, himself was the second son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, making Naomasa the grandson of the first Tokugawa Shōgun. Naomasa made a name for himself fighting in the Battle of Osaka at the age of 14. He was daimyō of Ono in Echizen and later Matsumoto in Shinano Province before becoming the ruler of Izumo 1638. Unlike the previous rulers Naomasa had children and his heirs managed to keep Izumo for ten generations until the end of the Edo period. Overall, ten Matsudaira daimyō ruled Matsue. The most famous after the first (Matsudaira Naomasa) is the seventh, Matsudaira Harusato, more commonly referred to as Fumai (不昧公).[9] He revolutionized the administrative system of the Matsue clan which was in financial difficulties and put it back on its feet. He invested in mulberry bushes and promoted special foods like shijimi clams that were a delicacy in Matsue. Harusato was a great enthusiast of Japanese tea ceremony. Because his influence on wagashi, Japanese sweets for the tea ceremony from Matsue are famous, especially one called wakakusa.

Municipal timeline[edit]

Government[edit]

Matsue has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 34 members. Matsue conributes 11 members to the Shimane Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Shimane 1st district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy[edit]

Matsue is a major regional commercial center and as one of the base cities of the San'in region, and along with Yonago, there are many head offices of companies operating in the San'in region. Agriculture, commercial fishing and tourism play major roles in the local economy; however, the city has only a small industrial base.

Education[edit]

Universities and colleges[edit]

Primary and secondary education[edit]

Matsue has 33 public elementary school, 17 public junior high schools and one public high school operated by the city government, and seven public high schools operated by the Shimane Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture operates five special education schools for the handicapped. There are also four private high schools.

Transportation[edit]

Railway[edit]

JR West (JR West) - San'in Main Line

JR West (JR West) - Kisuki Line

Ichibata Electric Railway (Bataden) - Kita-Matsue Line

Highways[edit]

International relations[edit]

International Friendship Cities[13][edit]

Sister cities[14][edit]

Although not an official friendship city of Matsue, there has been ongoing exchange with Dublin, Ireland since 1988 when former mayor Nakamura Yoshijirō visited the city.[15]

Local attractions[edit]

  • Matsue Castle, s one of the 12 remaining original castles in Japan. It is the second largest, the third tallest and the sixth oldest. The castle grounds include a winding path through mixed forests of bamboo, shrubs and trees, many of which are very old and identified by species. Surrounding the grounds and the castle park is the old moat, "horikawa".
  • Sada Jinja in Matsue is the home to Sada Shin Noh, a sacred dance comprising a series of purification rituals related to the changing of the rush mats within the shrine. The mats are held by dancers who then offer them to deities to sit upon. Diverse dance forms are performed on a stage in the shrine accompanied by singing, flute and drums. The performance art is transmitted from generation to generation by the community. In November 2011, Sada Shin Noh was inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.[16]

Festivals[edit]

Various traditional festivals are still held, such as Dōgyōretsu, a drum parade held annually on the third Sunday of October,[18] and Hōranenya, one of Japan's top three boat festivals that is held only once every 10 years (most recently in May 2019).[19]

Notable people from Matsue[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Matsue" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 617; "Chūgoku" at p. 127.
  2. ^ Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO), "Matsue area"; retrieved 2012-2-11.
  3. ^ "Matsue City official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
  4. ^ 中海・宍道湖圏域の概要 at the Wayback Machine (archived July 23, 2023)
  5. ^ a b c 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  6. ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  7. ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  8. ^ a b Matsue population statistics
  9. ^ https://fumaikou.jp/about [dead link]
  10. ^ "島根県：市町村合併（トップ / 県政・統計 / 市町村情報 / 市町村情報 / 市町村合併）". Shima Prefectural Government. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
  11. ^ 住民基本台帳人口移動報告年報 [Annual Report on Population Movement in the Basic Resident Register] (in Japanese). 総務庁統計局. 2005. p. 146. Matsue-shi, Kashima-cho, Shimane-cho, Mihonoseki-cho, Yakumo-mura, Tamayu-cho, Shinji-cho and Yatsuka-cho were incorporated into a newly established Matsue-shi as of March 31, 2005.
  12. ^ 松江市が人口「最下位」を返上 (in Japanese). Sanin-Chūō Shimbun. Archived from the original on 2010-12-24. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
  13. ^ "松江市:市政情報:海外の姉妹都市".
  14. ^ "松江市:市政情報:姉妹都市".
  15. ^ "松江市:市政情報:アイルランド".
  16. ^ "Sada Shin Noh, sacred dancing at Sada shrine, Shimane". UNESCO. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  17. ^ "Izumo Kokunbunji". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  18. ^ "松江市鼕行列保存会 - 鼕と鼕行列の歴史".
  19. ^ "松江の船神事「ホーランエンヤ」 開催周期10年に短縮". 5 August 2010.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Matsue, Shimane.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Matsue.
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