Odawara: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 35°15′N 139°9′E / 35.250°N 139.150°E / 35.250; 139.150
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{{distinguish|Ōtawara}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = {{raise|0.2em|Odawara}}
| name = Odawara
| native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|ja|小田原市}}}}}}
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ja|小田原市}}}}
| official_name =
| official_name =
| settlement_type = [[Special cities of Japan|Special city]]
| settlement_type = [[Special cities of Japan|Special city]]
Line 47: Line 48:
| leader_party =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Kenichi Kato (since May 2008)
| leader_name = Teruhiko Moriya (since May 2020)
| leader_title1 =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 -->
| leader_name1 = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 -->
Line 75: Line 76:
| area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code = <!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| area_code = <!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1 = City symbols
| blank_name_sec1 = Phone number
| blank_info_sec1 = &nbsp;
| blank_info_sec1 = 0465-33-1302
| blank1_name_sec1 = {{•}}Tree
| blank1_name_sec1 = Address
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Japanese black pine]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 300 Ogikubo, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa-ken 250-8555
⚫
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank2_name_sec1 = {{•}}Flower
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ume]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
⚫
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = {{•}}Bird
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Little tern]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = {{•}}Fish
⚫
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Oryzias latipes|Medaka]], [[Carangidae]]
| blank5_name_sec1 =
| blank5_info_sec1 =
| blank6_name_sec1 =
| blank6_info_sec1 =
| blank7_name_sec1 =
⚫
| blank7_info_sec1 = <!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2 = Phone number
⚫
| blank_info_sec2 = 0465-33-1302
| blank1_name_sec2 = Address
| blank1_info_sec2 = 300 Ogikubo, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa-ken 250-8555
<!-- website, footnotes -->
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website ={{Official website|http://www.city.odawara.kanagawa.jp}}
| website ={{Official website|http://www.city.odawara.kanagawa.jp}}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| tree = [[Japanese black pine]]
| flower = [[Ume]]
| bird = [[Little tern]]
| flowering_tree =
| butterfly =
⚫
| fish = [[Oryzias latipes|Medaka]], [[Carangidae]]
| other_symbols =
⚫
}}
}}
}}
[[File:161223 Odawara Castle Odawara Japan01s3.jpg|thumb|Odawara Castle]]
[[File:161223 Odawara Castle Odawara Japan01s3.jpg|thumb|Odawara Castle]]
[[File:Tokaido53 Odawara.jpg|thumb|right|Odawara-juku in the 1830s, as depicted by [[Hiroshige]] in ''[[The Fifty-Three Stations of the Tōkaidō]]'']]
[[File:Tokaido53 Odawara.jpg|thumb|right|Odawara-juku in the 1830s, as depicted by [[Hiroshige]] in ''[[The Fifty-Three Stations of the Tōkaidō]]'']]


{{Nihongo|'''Odawara'''|小田原市|Odawara-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] in [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. {{As of|2021|06|01}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 188,482 and a [[population density]] of 1700 persons per km².<ref name="Odawara-hp">{{cite web |url=https://www.city.odawara.kanagawa.jp/municipality/statistics/m-report/new.html |title= Odawara city official statistics|location= Japan|language= ja}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{convert|113.79|sqkm|sqmi}}.
{{Nihongo|'''Odawara'''|小田原市|Odawara-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] in [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. {{As of|2021|06|01}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 188,482 and a [[population density]] of 1,700 persons per km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="Odawara-hp">{{cite web |url=https://www.city.odawara.kanagawa.jp/municipality/statistics/m-report/new.html |title= Odawara city official statistics|location= Japan|language= ja}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{convert|113.79|sqkm|sqmi}}.


==Geography==
==Geography==
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*[[Minamiashigara, Kanagawa|Minamiashigara]]
*[[Minamiashigara, Kanagawa|Minamiashigara]]
*[[Ninomiya, Kanagawa|Ninomiya]]
*[[Ninomiya, Kanagawa|Ninomiya]]
*[[Ōi, Kanagawa|Ōi]], [[Kaisei, Kanagawa|Kaisei]], [[Nakai, Kanagawa|Nakai]]
*[[Ōi, Kanagawa|Ōi]]
*[[Kaisei, Kanagawa|Kaisei]]
*[[Nakai, Kanagawa|Nakai]]
*[[Hakone, Kanagawa|Hakone]], [[Manazuru, Kanagawa|Manazuru]], [[Yugawara, Kanagawa|Yugawara]]
*[[Hakone]]
*[[Manazuru, Kanagawa|Manazuru]]
*[[Yugawara, Kanagawa|Yugawara]]


===Climate===
===Climate===
Odawara has a [[Humid subtropical climate]] (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Odawara is 13.4&nbsp;°C. The average annual rainfall is 2144&nbsp;mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.2&nbsp;°C, and lowest in January, at around 2.9&nbsp;°C.<ref>[https://en.climate-data.org/asia/japan/kanagawa/odawara-764642/ Odawara climate data]</ref>
Odawara has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Odawara is 13.4&nbsp;°C. The average annual rainfall is 2,144&nbsp;mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.2&nbsp;°C, and lowest in January, at around 2.9&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.climate-data.org/asia/japan/kanagawa/odawara-764642/|title=Odawara climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Odawara water temperature - Climate-Data.org|website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref>


{{Weather box|width=auto
{{Weather box
|width=auto
|collapsed = Y
|location = Odawara （1981 - 2010）
|metric first = Y
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|single line = Y
|location = Odawara (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)
|Jan record high C = 18.9
|Jan record high C = 20.1
|Feb record high C = 26.1
|Feb record high C = 26.1
|Mar record high C = 24.5
|Mar record high C = 25.5
|Apr record high C = 29.7
|Apr record high C = 29.7
|May record high C = 32.3
|May record high C = 32.3
|Jun record high C = 35.4
|Jun record high C = 35.4
|Jul record high C = 36.2
|Jul record high C = 37.3
|Aug record high C = 36.6
|Aug record high C = 38.0
|Sep record high C = 35.9
|Sep record high C = 35.9
|Oct record high C = 31.7
|Oct record high C = 32.8
|Nov record high C = 26.2
|Nov record high C = 26.2
|Dec record high C = 24.0
|Dec record high C = 24.0
|year record high C = 36.6
|year record high C = 36.6
|Jan high C = 10.5
|Jan high C = 10.6
|Feb high C = 10.8
|Feb high C = 11.3
|Mar high C = 13.4
|Mar high C = 14.1
|Apr high C = 18.5
|Apr high C = 18.9
|May high C = 22.3
|May high C = 22.8
|Jun high C = 24.7
|Jun high C = 25.2
|Jul high C = 28.4
|Jul high C = 29.0
|Aug high C = 30.0
|Aug high C = 30.6
|Sep high C = 26.7
|Sep high C = 27.2
|Oct high C = 21.8
|Oct high C = 22.2
|Nov high C = 17.2
|Nov high C = 17.4
|Dec high C = 13.1
|Dec high C = 13.0
|year high C = 19.8
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = 5.3
|Jan mean C = 5.3
|Feb mean C = 5.8
|Feb mean C = 6.1
|Mar mean C = 8.8
|Mar mean C = 9.2
|Apr mean C = 13.8
|Apr mean C = 14.0
|May mean C = 17.8
|May mean C = 18.2
|Jun mean C = 20.9
|Jun mean C = 21.3
|Jul mean C = 24.6
|Jul mean C = 25.2
|Aug mean C = 25.9
|Aug mean C = 26.4
|Sep mean C = 22.7
|Sep mean C = 23.0
|Oct mean C = 17.4
|Oct mean C = 17.8
|Nov mean C = 12.4
|Nov mean C = 12.6
|Dec mean C = 7.8
|Dec mean C = 7.8
|year mean C = 15.3
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = 0.6
|Jan low C = 0.6
|Feb low C = 1.0
|Feb low C = 1.3
|Mar low C = 4.1
|Mar low C = 4.4
|Apr low C = 9.1
|Apr low C = 9.2
|May low C = 13.6
|May low C = 13.8
|Jun low C = 17.6
|Jun low C = 18.0
|Jul low C = 21.6
|Jul low C = 22.0
|Aug low C = 22.7
|Aug low C = 23.0
|Sep low C = 19.4
|Sep low C = 19.6
|Oct low C = 13.6
|Oct low C = 14.1
|Nov low C = 8.1
|Nov low C = 8.3
|Dec low C = 3.1
|Dec low C = 3.1
|year low C = 11.2
|year low C =
|Jan record low C = &minus;5.7
|Jan record low C = -5.7
|Feb record low C = &minus;8.0
|Feb record low C = -8.0
|Mar record low C = &minus;4.4
|Mar record low C = -4.4
|Apr record low C = &minus;0.9
|Apr record low C = -0.9
|May record low C = 5.3
|May record low C = 4.8
|Jun record low C = 11.7
|Jun record low C = 11.1
|Jul record low C = 14.1
|Jul record low C = 14.1
|Aug record low C = 17.3
|Aug record low C = 16.0
|Sep record low C = 10.4
|Sep record low C = 10.4
|Oct record low C = 4.4
|Oct record low C = 4.2
|Nov record low C = 0.7
|Nov record low C = -0.4
|Dec record low C = &minus;3.7
|Dec record low C = -3.8
|year record low C = &minus;8.0
|year record low C = -8.0
|precipitation colour=green
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 80.4
|Jan precipitation mm = 83.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 94.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 89.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 187.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 175.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 190.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 181.7
|May precipitation mm = 185.3
|May precipitation mm = 182.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 244.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 219.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 198.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 216.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 204.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 167.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 246.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 248.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 205.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 238.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 122.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 119.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 60.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 74.7
|year precipitation mm = 2020.0
|year precipitation mm = 1996.5
|Jan precipitation days = 6.5
|Feb precipitation days = 7.1
|Mar precipitation days = 12.0
|Apr precipitation days = 10.8
|May precipitation days = 11.0
|Jun precipitation days = 13.3
|Jul precipitation days = 12.3
|Aug precipitation days = 9.5
|Sep precipitation days = 12.6
|Oct precipitation days = 11.0
|Nov precipitation days = 8.1
|Dec precipitation days = 5.5
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan sun = 164.4
|Jan precipitation days = 6.0
|Feb sun = 150.9
|Feb precipitation days = 6.6
|Mar sun = 152.5
|Mar precipitation days = 11.1
|Apr sun = 177.1
|Apr precipitation days = 10.3
|May sun = 171.4
|May precipitation days = 10.6
|Jun sun = 133.2
|Jun precipitation days = 12.8
|Jul sun = 158.9
|Jul precipitation days = 11.9
|Aug sun = 199.4
|Aug precipitation days = 9.2
|Sep sun = 134.4
|Sep precipitation days = 12.0
|Oct sun = 133.0
|Oct precipitation days = 10.9
|Nov sun = 142.4
|Nov precipitation days = 8.0
|Dec sun = 165.2
|Dec precipitation days = 6.3
|year sun = 1884.4
|Jan sun = 179.9
|Feb sun = 159.5
⚫
|source 1 = [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=46&prec_ch=%90_%93%DE%90%EC%8C%A7&block_no=1008&block_ch=%8F%AC%93c%8C%B4&year=&month=&day=&elm=normal&view= [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]]
|Mar sun = 161.2
⚫
|source 2 = [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=46&prec_ch=%90_%93%DE%90%EC%8C%A7&block_no=1008&block_ch=%8F%AC%93c%8C%B4&year=&month=&day=&elm=rank&view= 観測史上1〜10位の値（年間を通じての値）]
|Apr sun = 176.9
|date=2011年12月
|May sun = 182.2
⚫
}}
|Jun sun = 130.5
|Jul sun = 163.2
|Aug sun = 201.8
|Sep sun = 138.3
|Oct sun = 131.0
|Nov sun = 149.4
|Dec sun = 171.0
|year sun = 1945.0
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
⚫
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=46&block_no=1008&year=&month=&day=&view=a1
|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 19, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
⚫
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=46&block_no=1008&year=&month=&day=&view=
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 19, 2022}}</ref>}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
Per Japanese census data,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-chiba.php Odawara population statistics]</ref> the population of Odawara peak in around the year 2000 and has started to slowly decline.
Per Japanese census data,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/chiba/|title=Chiba (Japan): Cities, Towns and Villages in Prefecture - Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> the population of Odawara peaked around the year 2000 and declined slightly since then.


{{Historical populations
{{Historical populations
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| 1990 | 193,417
| 1990 | 193,417
| 2000 | 200,173
| 2000 | 200,173
| 2010 | 198,373
| 2010 | 198,327
| 2020 | 188,856
|align = none
|align = none
| footnote =
| footnote =
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After the [[Meiji Restoration]], Odawara Domain briefly became 'Odawara Prefecture', which was merged with the short-lived 'Ashigara Prefecture' before joining Kanagawa Prefecture in 1876. During this period, the center of economic and political life in Kanagawa shifted to [[Yokohama]]. Odawara suffered a strong decline in population, which was made more severe when the original route of the [[Tōkaidō Main Line]] bypassed the city in favor of the more northerly route via [[Gotemba, Shizuoka|Gotemba]].
After the [[Meiji Restoration]], Odawara Domain briefly became 'Odawara Prefecture', which was merged with the short-lived 'Ashigara Prefecture' before joining Kanagawa Prefecture in 1876. During this period, the center of economic and political life in Kanagawa shifted to [[Yokohama]]. Odawara suffered a strong decline in population, which was made more severe when the original route of the [[Tōkaidō Main Line]] bypassed the city in favor of the more northerly route via [[Gotemba, Shizuoka|Gotemba]].


The epicenter of the [[1923 Great Kanto earthquake|Great Kantō earthquake]] in 1923 was deep beneath [[Izu Ōshima]] Island in Sagami Bay. It devastated [[Tokyo]], the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]], Kanagawa, and [[Shizuoka Prefecture]]s, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region. Ninety percent of the buildings in Odawara collapsed immediately, and fires burned the rubble along with anything else left standing.<ref>Hammer, Joshua. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6O8VyhDbUPgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=yokohama+burning&sig=rbgbEDXJV5fht4wdSD1HBoAMANg#PPA113,M1 ''Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II'', p. 113.]</ref>
The epicenter of the [[1923 Great Kanto earthquake|Great Kantō earthquake]] in 1923 was deep beneath [[Izu Ōshima]] Island in Sagami Bay. It devastated [[Tokyo]], the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]], Kanagawa, and [[Shizuoka Prefecture]]s, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region. Ninety percent of the buildings in Odawara collapsed immediately, and fires burned the rubble along with anything else left standing.<ref>Hammer, Joshua. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6O8VyhDbUPgC&q=yokohama+burning ''Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II'', p. 113.]</ref>


Odawara regained some measure of prosperity with the opening of the [[Tanna Tunnel]] in 1934, which brought the main routing of the [[Tōkaidō Main Line]] through the city. Odawara was raised from the status of town to city on December 20, 1940. On August 15, 1945, Odawara was the last city in Japan to be bombed by [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] aircraft during [[World War II]].
Odawara regained some measure of prosperity with the opening of the [[Tanna Tunnel]] in 1934, which brought the main routing of the [[Tōkaidō Main Line]] through the city. Odawara was raised from the status of town to city on December 20, 1940. On August 15, 1945, Odawara was the last city in Japan to be bombed by [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] aircraft during [[World War II]].
Line 258: Line 267:
==Government==
==Government==
[[File:Odawara City Hall.JPG|thumb|Odawara City Hall]]
[[File:Odawara City Hall.JPG|thumb|Odawara City Hall]]
Odawara has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 27 members. Odawara contributes two members to the Kanagawa Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Kanagawa 17th district of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].
Odawara has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 27 members. Odawara contributes two members to the Kanagawa Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Kanagawa 17th district of the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].


==Economy==
==Economy==
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Companies headquartered in Odawara include:
Companies headquartered in Odawara include:
* [https://www.kamaboko.com/en/ Suzuhiro Co.]
* Suzuhiro Co.
* Meganesuper Co., Ltd.
* Meganesuper Co., Ltd.
* [[Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd]]
* [[Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd]]
Line 276: Line 285:


==Education==
==Education==
Odawara has 25 public elementary schools and 12 public middle schools operated by the city government. The city has four public high schools operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education, and the prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped. The city has one private elementary school, one private middle school and two private high schools. A private junior college, the [[Odawara Women's Junior College]] is located within Odawara.
Odawara has 25 public elementary schools and 12 public middle schools operated by the city government, and four public high schools operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.
Odawara also has one private elementary school, one private middle school, two private high schools, and a private junior college, the [[Odawara Women's Junior College]].


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
===Railway===
===Railway===
[[File:JR logo (central).svg|20px]] [[Central Japan Railway Company|JR Tōkai]] -[[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]]
[[File:JR logo (central).svg|20px]] [[Central Japan Railway Company|JR Tōkai]] -[[Tokaido Shinkansen|Tōkaidō Shinkansen]]
*{{STN|Odawara}}
*{{STN|Odawara}}
[[File:JR logo (central).svg|20px]] [[Central Japan Railway Company|JR Tōkai]] - [[Gotemba Line]]
[[File:JR logo (central).svg|20px]] [[Central Japan Railway Company|JR Tōkai]] - [[Gotemba Line]]
Line 288: Line 299:
[[File:OdakyuGroup logo2.svg|18px]] [[Odakyu Electric Railway]] – [[Odakyu Odawara Line]]
[[File:OdakyuGroup logo2.svg|18px]] [[Odakyu Electric Railway]] – [[Odakyu Odawara Line]]
* {{STN|Kayama}} - {{STN|Tomizu}} - {{STN|Hotaruda}} - {{STN|Ashigara|Kanagawa}} - {{STN|Odawara}}
* {{STN|Kayama}} - {{STN|Tomizu}} - {{STN|Hotaruda}} - {{STN|Ashigara|Kanagawa}} - {{STN|Odawara}}
[[file:IzuHakoneRailway mark.svg|20px]] [[Izuhakone Railway]] [- [[Daiyūzan Line]]
[[file:IzuHakoneRailway mark.svg|20px]] [[Izuhakone Railway]] - [[Daiyūzan Line]]
* {{STN|Odawara}} - {{STN|Midorichō}} - {{STN|Isaida}} - {{STN|Gohyakurakan}} - {{STN|Anabe}} - {{STN|Iidaoka}} - {{STN|Sagami-Numata}}
* {{STN|Odawara}} - {{STN|Midorichō}} - {{STN|Isaida}} - {{STN|Gohyakurakan}} - {{STN|Anabe}} - {{STN|Iidaoka}} - {{STN|Sagami-Numata}}
[[File:OdakyuGroup logo2.svg|18px]] [[Hakone Tozan Railway]] - [[Hakone Tozan Line]]
[[File:OdakyuGroup logo2.svg|18px]] [[Hakone Tozan Railway]] - [[Hakone Tozan Line]]
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==Local attractions==
==Local attractions==
[[File:HJ5SH1.JPG|thumb|Hojo Godai [[Festival]] (May)]]
[[File:HJ5SH1.JPG|thumb|[[Odawara Hōjō Godai Festival]](May)]]
Besides [[Odawara Castle]], Odawara is a major transit point for the [[Hakone, Kanagawa|Hakone]] [[onsen|hot springs resort]] area and the sightseeing locations of the [[Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park]]. Within the city itself, the Yugawara area is a well-known hot spring resort.
Besides [[Odawara Castle]], Odawara is a major transit point for the [[Hakone, Kanagawa|Hakone]] [[onsen|hot springs resort]] area and the sightseeing locations of the [[Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park]]. Within the city itself, the Yugawara area is a well-known hot spring resort.

Another castle, [[Ishigakiyama Ichiya Castle]], was built by [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]].


Enoura, a coastal area of Odawara known for its pristine sea, has an abundance of ''kumamomi'', a type of fish that prefers clear and clean water. [[Sea turtle]]s are sometimes present there. Because of the clear water and plentiful undersea life, many people come to Enoura for [[scuba diving]].
Enoura, a coastal area of Odawara known for its pristine sea, has an abundance of ''kumamomi'', a type of fish that prefers clear and clean water. [[Sea turtle]]s are sometimes present there. Because of the clear water and plentiful undersea life, many people come to Enoura for [[scuba diving]].


Traditionally, Odawara is known for its production of ''[[kamaboko]]'' processed fish, [[stockfish]], ''[[umeboshi]]'' salted plums, and traditional herbal medicines. The [http://www.kamaboko.com/en/odawara/ Suzuhiro Kamaboko Village] is a place to experience making and learning more about Odawara Kamaboko.
Traditionally, Odawara is known for its production of ''[[kamaboko]]'' processed fish, [[stockfish]], ''[[umeboshi]]'' salted plums, and traditional herbal medicines. The Suzuhiro Kamaboko Village is a place to experience making and learning more about Odawara Kamaboko.

The [[Odawara Hōjō Godai Festival]], the city's biggest tourism event, takes place every May 3 during [[Golden Week (Japan)|Golden Week]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www-city-odawara-kanagawa-jp.translate.goog/kanko/event/MAY/houjou5dai.html?_x_tr_sl=ja&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en | title=小田原市 &#124; 第59回小田原北條五代祭り }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.odawara-kankou.com/event/eventyear/event-may01-copy.html|title=5月3日 北條五代祭り &#124; イベント-年間一覧 &#124; リトルトリップ小田原 [小田原市観光協会]|website=リトルトリップ小田原 [小田原市観光協会]}}</ref>


==Sister city relations==
==Sister city relations==
Line 322: Line 337:
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2013}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2013}}
*[[Kai Atō]], actor
*[[Kai Atō]], actor
*[[Akira Hagiwara]], racing driver
*[[Yōhei Kōno]], politician
*[[Yōhei Kōno]], politician
*[[Rumina Sato]], mixed martial arts fighter
*[[Rumina Sato]], mixed martial arts fighter
Line 327: Line 343:
*[[Shogo Suzuki (actor, born 1989)|Shogo Suzuki]], actor and musician (''[[Samurai Sentai Shinkenger]]'')
*[[Shogo Suzuki (actor, born 1989)|Shogo Suzuki]], actor and musician (''[[Samurai Sentai Shinkenger]]'')
*[[Kitamura Tokoku]], author
*[[Kitamura Tokoku]], author
*[[Yoshiyuki Tomino]], anime movie director
*[[Yoshiyuki Tomino]], anime movie director (''[[Gundam]]'')
*[[Baku Yumemakura]], science fiction author
*[[Baku Yumemakura]], science fiction author
<!-- Please maintain alphabetical order when adding names -->
<!-- Please maintain alphabetical order when adding names -->
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==References==
==References==
* Hammer, Joshua. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6O8VyhDbUPgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Tokyo+1923&lr=&source=gbs_summary_r ''Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II.''] New York: [[Simon & Schuster]]. {{ISBN|978-0-7432-6465-5}} (cloth)
* Hammer, Joshua. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6O8VyhDbUPgC&q=Tokyo+1923 ''Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II.''] New York: [[Simon & Schuster]]. {{ISBN|978-0-7432-6465-5}} (cloth)


== External links ==
== External links ==

Revision as of 04:08, 4 March 2024

Not to be confused with Ōtawara.
Odawara
小田原市
Special city
Top left: Odawara Castle, Top right: Panorama view of Odawara, from Odawara Castle Park, Middle left: Odawara Fishing Port, Middle right: Odawara Station, Bottom left: Sontoku Ninomiya Shrine, Bottom right: Ishigakiyama Castle Park
Top left: Odawara Castle, Top right: Panorama view of Odawara, from Odawara Castle Park, Middle left: Odawara Fishing Port, Middle right: Odawara Station, Bottom left: Sontoku Ninomiya Shrine, Bottom right: Ishigakiyama Castle Park
Flag of Odawara
Flag
Official seal of Odawara
Seal
Map
Location of Odawara in Kanagawa Prefecture
Location of Odawara
Odawara is located in Japan
Odawara
Odawara
 
Coordinates: 35°15′N 139°9′E / 35.250°N 139.150°E / 35.250; 139.150
CountryJapan
RegionKantō
PrefectureKanagawa
Government
 • MayorTeruhiko Moriya (since May 2020)
Area
 • Total113.79 km2 (43.93 sq mi)
Population
 (June 1, 2021)
 • Total188,482
 • Density1,700/km2 (4,300/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
Phone number0465-33-1302
Address300 Ogikubo, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa-ken 250-8555
ClimateCfa
WebsiteOfficial website
Symbols
BirdLittle tern
FishMedaka, Carangidae
FlowerUme
TreeJapanese black pine
Odawara Castle
Odawara-juku in the 1830s, as depicted by Hiroshige in The Fifty-Three Stations of the Tōkaidō

Odawara (小田原市, Odawara-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2021, the city had an estimated population of 188,482 and a population density of 1,700 persons per km2.[1] The total area of the city is 113.79 square kilometres (43.93 sq mi).

Geography

Odawara lies in the Ashigara Plains, in the far western portion of Kanagawa Prefecture at the southwestern tip of the Kantō region. It is bordered by the Hakone Mountains to the north and west, the Sakawa River to the east, and Sagami Bay of the Pacific Ocean to the south.

Surrounding municipalities

Kanagawa Prefecture

Climate

Odawara has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Odawara is 13.4 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2,144 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.2 °C, and lowest in January, at around 2.9 °C.[2]

Climate data for Odawara (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.1
(68.2) 		26.1
(79.0) 		25.5
(77.9) 		29.7
(85.5) 		32.3
(90.1) 		35.4
(95.7) 		37.3
(99.1) 		38.0
(100.4) 		35.9
(96.6) 		32.8
(91.0) 		26.2
(79.2) 		24.0
(75.2) 		36.6
(97.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.6
(51.1) 		11.3
(52.3) 		14.1
(57.4) 		18.9
(66.0) 		22.8
(73.0) 		25.2
(77.4) 		29.0
(84.2) 		30.6
(87.1) 		27.2
(81.0) 		22.2
(72.0) 		17.4
(63.3) 		13.0
(55.4) 		20.2
(68.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5) 		6.1
(43.0) 		9.2
(48.6) 		14.0
(57.2) 		18.2
(64.8) 		21.3
(70.3) 		25.2
(77.4) 		26.4
(79.5) 		23.0
(73.4) 		17.8
(64.0) 		12.6
(54.7) 		7.8
(46.0) 		15.6
(60.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.6
(33.1) 		1.3
(34.3) 		4.4
(39.9) 		9.2
(48.6) 		13.8
(56.8) 		18.0
(64.4) 		22.0
(71.6) 		23.0
(73.4) 		19.6
(67.3) 		14.1
(57.4) 		8.3
(46.9) 		3.1
(37.6) 		11.5
(52.6)
Record low °C (°F) −5.7
(21.7) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		4.8
(40.6) 		11.1
(52.0) 		14.1
(57.4) 		16.0
(60.8) 		10.4
(50.7) 		4.2
(39.6) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−8.0
(17.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 83.7
(3.30) 		89.5
(3.52) 		175.6
(6.91) 		181.7
(7.15) 		182.2
(7.17) 		219.3
(8.63) 		216.0
(8.50) 		167.2
(6.58) 		248.7
(9.79) 		238.7
(9.40) 		119.5
(4.70) 		74.7
(2.94) 		1,996.5
(78.60)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 6.0 6.6 11.1 10.3 10.6 12.8 11.9 9.2 12.0 10.9 8.0 6.3 115.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 179.9 159.5 161.2 176.9 182.2 130.5 163.2 201.8 138.3 131.0 149.4 171.0 1,945
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[3][4]

Demographics

Per Japanese census data,[5] the population of Odawara peaked around the year 2000 and declined slightly since then.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1960 131,366—    
1970 163,631+24.6%
1980 177,467+8.5%
1990 193,417+9.0%
2000 200,173+3.5%
2010 198,327−0.9%
2020 188,856−4.8%

History

The area around present-day Odawara has been settled since prehistoric times, and archaeological evidence indicates that the area had a high population density in the Jōmon period. From the Ritsuryō system of the Nara period, the area became part of Ashigarashimo District of Sagami Province. It was divided into shōen during the Heian period, mostly controlled by the Hatano clan and its branches. During the Genpei War between the Heike clan and Minamoto no Yoritomo, the Battle of Ishibashiyama was fought near present-day Odawara. During the Sengoku period, Odawara developed as a castle town and capital of the domains of the later Hōjō clan, which covered most of the Kantō region. The Hōjō were defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the Battle of Odawara in 1590, despite the impregnable reputation of Odawara Castle. The territory came under the control of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Odawara was the center of Odawara Domain, a feudal han ruled by a succession of daimyō. The town prospered as Odawara-juku, a post station on the Tōkaidō highway connecting Edo with Kyoto.

After the Meiji Restoration, Odawara Domain briefly became 'Odawara Prefecture', which was merged with the short-lived 'Ashigara Prefecture' before joining Kanagawa Prefecture in 1876. During this period, the center of economic and political life in Kanagawa shifted to Yokohama. Odawara suffered a strong decline in population, which was made more severe when the original route of the Tōkaidō Main Line bypassed the city in favor of the more northerly route via Gotemba.

The epicenter of the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923 was deep beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay. It devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka Prefectures, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region. Ninety percent of the buildings in Odawara collapsed immediately, and fires burned the rubble along with anything else left standing.[6]

Odawara regained some measure of prosperity with the opening of the Tanna Tunnel in 1934, which brought the main routing of the Tōkaidō Main Line through the city. Odawara was raised from the status of town to city on December 20, 1940. On August 15, 1945, Odawara was the last city in Japan to be bombed by Allied aircraft during World War II.

On November 1, 2000, Odawara exceeded 200,000 in population, and was proclaimed a special city with increased autonomy.

Government

Odawara City Hall

Odawara has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 27 members. Odawara contributes two members to the Kanagawa Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Kanagawa 17th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy

Odawara is a major commercial center for western Kanagawa Prefecture. Manufacturing includes light industry, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. Agriculture and commercial fishing play a relatively minor role in the local economy. Odawara is also a bedroom community for Yokohama and Tokyo.

Companies headquartered in Odawara include:

  • Suzuhiro Co.
  • Meganesuper Co., Ltd.
  • Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd
  • Odawara Auto Machine MFG. Co., Ltd.
  • Odakyu Sharyo Kogyo Co Ltd
  • Odakyu Hakone Holdings Co., Ltd.
  • Hakone Tozan Railway
  • Sagami Trust Bank
  • Nippon Injector Corporation

Education

Odawara has 25 public elementary schools and 12 public middle schools operated by the city government, and four public high schools operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.

Odawara also has one private elementary school, one private middle school, two private high schools, and a private junior college, the Odawara Women's Junior College.

Transportation

Railway

JR Tōkai -Tōkaidō Shinkansen

JR Tōkai - Gotemba Line

JR East - Tōkaidō Main Line

Odakyu Electric Railway – Odakyu Odawara Line

Izuhakone Railway - Daiyūzan Line

Hakone Tozan Railway - Hakone Tozan Line

Highway

Bus

Local attractions

Odawara Hōjō Godai Festival(May)

Besides Odawara Castle, Odawara is a major transit point for the Hakone hot springs resort area and the sightseeing locations of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. Within the city itself, the Yugawara area is a well-known hot spring resort.

Another castle, Ishigakiyama Ichiya Castle, was built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

Enoura, a coastal area of Odawara known for its pristine sea, has an abundance of kumamomi, a type of fish that prefers clear and clean water. Sea turtles are sometimes present there. Because of the clear water and plentiful undersea life, many people come to Enoura for scuba diving.

Traditionally, Odawara is known for its production of kamaboko processed fish, stockfish, umeboshi salted plums, and traditional herbal medicines. The Suzuhiro Kamaboko Village is a place to experience making and learning more about Odawara Kamaboko.

The Odawara Hōjō Godai Festival, the city's biggest tourism event, takes place every May 3 during Golden Week.[7][8]

Sister city relations

Notable people from Odawara

Notes

  1. ^ "Odawara city official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
  2. ^ "Odawara climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Odawara water temperature - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org.
  3. ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  4. ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  5. ^ "Chiba (Japan): Cities, Towns and Villages in Prefecture - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
  6. ^ Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 113.
  7. ^ "小田原市 | 第59回小田原北條五代祭り".
  8. ^ "5月3日 北條五代祭り | イベント-年間一覧 | リトルトリップ小田原 [小田原市観光協会]". リトルトリップ小田原 [小田原市観光協会].

References

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Odawara.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Odawara, Kanagawa.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odawara&oldid=1211733564"