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{{Redirect|Michinoku|the sumo coach known as Michinoku Oyakata|Kirishima Kazuhiro}}
[[Image:Provinces of Japan-Mutsu.svg|thumb|300px|right|Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Mutsu Province highlighted]]
{{Infobox former subdivision
{{nihongo|'''Mutsu Province'''|陸奥国|Mutsu no kuni}} was an [[old provinces of Japan|old province]] of [[Japan]] in the area of [[Fukushima Prefecture|Fukushima]], [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]], [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]] and [[Aomori Prefecture|Aomori]] [[Prefectures of Japan|prefecture]]s and the municipalities of [[Kazuno, Akita|Kazuno]] and [[Kosaka, Akita|Kosaka]] in [[Akita Prefecture]].
|_noautocat = <!-- "no" for no automatic categorization -->
|native_name = {{lang|ja|陸奥国}}
|conventional_long_name = Mutsu Province
|common_name = <!-- Used to resolve location within categories and name of flags and coat of arms -->
|subdivision = [[Provinces of Japan|Province]]
|nation = Japan
|status_text =
|government_type =
|p1 =
|flag_p1 =
|s1 = Mutsu Province (1868){{!}}Rikuō Province
|flag_s1 =
|s2 = Rikuchū Province
|flag_s2 =
|s3 = Rikuzen Province
|flag_s3 =
|s4 = Iwashiro Province
|flag_s4 =
|s5 = Iwaki Province (1868){{!}}Iwaki Province
|flag_s5 =
|title_leader =
|leader1 =
|year_leader1 =
|leader2 =
|year_leader2 =
<!-- General information -->
|capital = [[Miyagi District]]
|coordinates =
|political_subdiv = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
|today = [[Fukushima Prefecture]]<br>[[Miyagi Prefecture]]<br>[[Iwate Prefecture]]<br>[[Akita Prefecture]]<br>[[Aomori Prefecture]]
<!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates -->
<!-- Only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration". -->
|year_start = 654
|year_end = 1869
|event_start =
|date_start =
|event_end =
|date_end = <!-- Optional: Date of disestablishment -->
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|event2 =
|date_event2 =
|event3 =
|date_event3 =
|event4 =
|date_event4 =
|event5 =
|date_event5 =
|life_span =
|era =
|event_pre = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before before "event_start" -->
|date_pre =
|event_post = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before after "event_end" -->
|date_post =
<!-- Images -->
|image_map = Provinces of Japan-Mutsu.svg{{!}}300px
|image_map_caption = Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Mutsu Province highlighted
<!-- Area and population of a given year (up to 5) -->
|stat_year1 = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both, numbered 1–5 -->
|stat_area1 = <!-- area in square kilometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated -->
|stat_pop1 = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given -->
|footnotes = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
}}
{{short description|Former province of Japan}}


{{nihongo|'''Mutsu Province'''|陸奥国|Mutsu no kuni}} was an [[old provinces of Japan|old province]] of [[Japan]] in the area of [[Fukushima Prefecture|Fukushima]], [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]], [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]] and [[Aomori Prefecture]]s and the municipalities of [[Kazuno, Akita|Kazuno]] and [[Kosaka, Akita|Kosaka]] in [[Akita Prefecture]].
Mutsu Province is also known as {{nihongo|'''Ōshū'''|奥州}} or {{nihongo|'''Michinoku'''|陸奥 or 道奥}}. The term {{nihongo|'''Ōu'''|奥羽}} is often used to refer to the combined area of Mutsu and the neighboring province [[Dewa Province|Dewa]] which make up the [[Tōhoku region]].

Mutsu Province is also known as {{nihongo|'''Ōshū'''|奥州}} or {{nihongo|'''Michinoku'''|陸奥 or 道奥}}. The term {{nihongo|'''Ōu'''|奥羽}} is often used to refer to the combined area of Mutsu and the neighboring province [[Dewa Province|Dewa]], which together make up the entire [[Tōhoku region]].


==History==
==History==
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===Invasion by the Kinai government===
===Invasion by the Kinai government===
Mutsu, on northern [[Honshū]], was one of the last provinces to be formed as land was taken from the indigenous [[Emishi]] and became the largest as it expanded northward. The ancient capital of the [[Kansai region|Kinai]] government was [[Tagajō, Miyagi|Tagajō]] in present-day [[Miyagi Prefecture]].
Mutsu, on northern [[Honshū]], was one of the last provinces to be formed as land was taken from the indigenous [[Emishi]], and became the largest as it expanded northward. The ancient regional capital of the [[Kansai region|Kinai]] government was [[Tagajō, Miyagi|Tagajō]] in present-day [[Miyagi Prefecture]].


* '''709''' (''[[Wadō (era)|Wadō]] 2, 3rd month''), an uprising against governmental authority took place in Mutsu and in nearby [[Echigo Province]]. Troops were dispatched to subdue the revolt.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}
* '''709''' (''[[Wadō (era)|Wadō]] 2, 3rd month''), an uprising against governmental authority took place in Mutsu and in nearby [[Echigo Province]]. Troops were dispatched to subdue the revolt.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}
* '''712''' (''Wadō 5''), Mutsu was separated from [[Dewa Province]]. [[Empress Gemmei]]'s ''[[Daijō-kan]]'' made [[cadastral]] changes in the provincial map of the [[Nara Period]], as in the following year when [[Mimasaka Province]] was split from [[Bizen Province]]; [[Hyūga Province]] was sundered from [[Osumi Province]]; and [[Tamba Province]] was severed from [[Tango Province]].{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}
* '''712''' (''Wadō 5''), Mutsu was separated from [[Dewa Province]]. [[Empress Genmei]]'s ''[[Daijō-kan]]'' made [[cadastral]] changes in the provincial map of the [[Nara period]], as in the following year when [[Mimasaka Province]] was split from [[Bizen Province]], [[Hyūga Province]] was sundered from [[Ōsumi Province]], and [[Tanba Province]] was severed from [[Tango Province]].{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}
* '''718''', Shineha, Uda and Watari districts of the Mutsu Province, Kikuta, Iwaki districts of the [[Hitachi Province]], these districts are incorporated into the [[Iwaki Province (718)]].
* '''718''', Shineha, Uda and Watari districts of the Mutsu Province, Kikuta, Iwaki districts of the [[Hitachi Province]] are incorporated into [[Iwaki Province (718)]].
* '''801''', Mutsu was conquered by [[Sakanoue no Tamuramaro]].<ref name="nussbaum676">[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). "''Mutsu''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 676|page=676}}.</ref>
* '''801''', Mutsu was conquered by [[Sakanoue no Tamuramaro]].<ref name="nussbaum676">[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). "''Mutsu''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 676|page=676}}.</ref>
* '''869''' (''[[Jōgan]] 10, 5th month''): A [[869 Jogan Sanriku earthquake|terrible earthquake]] struck Mutsu, more than 1,000 people lost their lives in the disaster.<ref>Titsingh, {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|p. 119.|page=119}}</ref>
* '''869''' (''[[Jōgan]] 10, 5th month''): A [[869 Jogan Sanriku earthquake|terrible earthquake]] struck Mutsu. More than 1,000 people lost their lives in the disaster.<ref>Titsingh, {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|p. 119.|page=119}}</ref>


===Prosperity of Hiraizumi===
===Prosperity of Hiraizumi===
During the 12th century, [[Northern Fujiwara|Ōshū Fujiwara clan]] settled at [[Hiraizumi]], it was the second largest city in the 12th century Japan. The legacy of the Ōshū Fujiwara clan remains as the [[Chūsonji]], [[Mōtsūji]] in Hiraizumi, the [[Shiramizu Amidadō]] in the base of the [[Iwaki clan]].
In 1095, the [[Northern Fujiwara|Ōshū Fujiwara clan]] settled at [[Hiraizumi]], under the leadership of [[Fujiwara no Kiyohira]]. Kiyohira hoped to "form a city rivaling Kyoto as a centre of culture". The legacy of the Ōshū Fujiwara clan remains with the temples [[Chūson-ji]] and [[Mōtsū-ji]] in Hiraizumi, and the [[Shiramizu Amidadō]] temple building in [[Iwaki, Fukushima|Iwaki]]. In 1189, [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] invaded Mutsu with three great forces, eventually killing [[Fujiwara no Yasuhira]] and acquiring the entire domain.<ref name=Sansom>{{Cite book |last=Sansom |first=George |title=A History of Japan to 1334 |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1958 |isbn=0804705232 |page=254,326–328}}</ref>


===Sengoku period===
===Sengoku period===
During the [[Sengoku Period]], various clans ruled different parts of the province.
During the [[Sengoku period]], clans ruled parts of the province.


*The [[Nambu clan]] at [[Morioka, Iwate|Morioka]] in the north.
*The [[Nanbu clan]] at [[Morioka, Iwate|Morioka]] in the north.
*The [[Date clan]] at [[Iwadeyama, Miyagi|Iwadeyama]] and [[Sendai]] in the south.
*The [[Date clan]] at [[Iwadeyama, Miyagi|Iwadeyama]] and [[Sendai]] in the south.
*The [[Sōma clan]] at [[Sōma, Fukushima|Nakamura]] in the south.
*The [[Sōma clan]] at [[Sōma, Fukushima|Nakamura]] in the south.
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===After the Boshin War===
===After the Boshin War===
[[File:Old Japan Mutsu (1869).svg|thumb|Rikuō (Mutsu) Province from 1869 onwards]]
[[File:Old Japan Mutsu (1869).svg|thumb|Rikuō (Mutsu) Province from 1869 to 1871]]
{{Main|Mutsu Province (1868)}}
{{Main|Mutsu Province (1868)}}


As the result of the [[Boshin War]], the Mutsu Province was divided by the [[Meiji government]] on 19 January 1869 in the [[Gregorian calendar]]. By this division, five provinces ([[Rikuchū Province|Rikuchū]], [[Rikuzen Province|Rikuzen]], [[Iwaki Province (1868)|Iwaki (1868)]], [[Iwashiro Province|Iwashiro]] and [[Mutsu Province (1868)|Mutsu (1868)]] are established. the Meiji Mutsu Privince is a rump corresponding to today's [[Aomori Prefecture]].
As a result of the [[Boshin War]], Mutsu Province was divided by the [[Meiji government]], on 19 January 1869, into five provinces: '''[[Iwashiro Province|Iwashiro]]''', '''[[Iwaki Province (1868)|Iwaki]]''', '''[[Rikuzen Province|Rikuzen]]''', '''[[Rikuchū Province|Rikuchū]]''', and '''[[Mutsu Province (1868)|Rikuō]]'''){{citation needed|date=April 2015}}. The fifth of these, corresponding roughly to today's [[Aomori Prefecture]], was assigned the same two kanji as the entire province prior to division; however, the character reading was different.<ref name="3riku">{{cite web |url= http://ir.iwate-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10140/1626/1/erar-v54n1p131-144.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110718165654/http://ir.iwate-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10140/1626/1/erar-v54n1p131-144.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2011-07-18 |title= 地名「三陸地方」の起源に関する地理学的ならびに社会学的問題 }}（[[Iwate University|岩手大学]]教育学部）</ref> Due to the similarity in characters in the name, this smaller province has also sometimes been referred to as 'Mutsu'.

At the same time, while the characters of the name were unchanged, the official reading was changed to the ''[[on'yomi]]'' version '''Rikuō'''.<ref name="3riku">{{PDF|[http://ir.iwate-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10140/1626/1/erar-v54n1p131-144.pdf 地名「三陸地方」の起源に関する地理学的ならびに社会学的問題]}}（[[Iwate University|岩手大学]]教育学部）</ref>


==Districts==
==Districts==


=== Under Ritsuryō ===
=== Under Ritsuryō ===
[[Iwate Prefecture]]
*[[Iwase District, Fukushima|Iwase District]] (磐瀬郡)
*[[Aizu|Aizu District]] (会津郡)
*[[Kesen District, Iwate|Kesen District]] (気仙郡)
*[[Yama District, Fukushima|Yama District]] (耶麻郡)
*[[Isawa District, Iwate|Isawa District]] (膽沢郡)
*[[Asaka District, Iwate|Asaka District]] (安積郡)
*[[Adachi District, Fukushima|Adachi District]] (安達郡)
*[[Shinobu District, Fukushima|Shinobu District]] (信夫郡)
*[[Katta District, Miyagi|Katta District]] (刈田郡)
*[[Shibata District, Miyagi|Shibata District]] (柴田郡)
*[[Natori, Miyagi|Natori District]] (名取郡)
*[[Kikuta, Fukushima|Kikuta District]] (菊多郡)
*[[Iwaki, Fukushima|Iwaki District]] (石城郡)
*[[Shineha District, Fukushima|Shineha District]] (標葉郡)
*[[Namekata District, Fukushima|Namekata District]] (行方郡)
*[[Uda District, Fukushima|Uda District]] (宇多郡)
*[[Esashi District, Iwate|Esashi District]] (江刺郡)
*[[Esashi District, Iwate|Esashi District]] (江刺郡)
*[[Iwai District]] (磐井郡) (split into [[Higashiiwai District, Iwate|Higashiiwai]] and [[Nishiiwai District, Iwate|Nishiiwai]] districts)
*[[Waga District, Iwate|Waga District]] (和賀郡)
*[[Shiwa District, Iwate|Shiwa District]] (紫波郡)
*[[Hienuki District, Iwate|Hienuki District]] (稗貫郡) (dissolved in 2005)
*[[Iwate District, Iwate|Iwate District]] (岩手郡)
*[[Hei District, Iwate|Hei District]] (閉伊郡) (split in 1879)
**[[Kitahei District, Iwate|Kitahei District]] (北閉伊郡)
**[[Higashihei District, Iwate|Higashihei District]] (東閉伊郡)
**[[Nishihei District, Iwate|Nishihei District]] (西閉伊郡)
**[[Minamihei District, Iwate|Minamihei District]] (南閉伊郡)
*[[Kunohe District, Iwate|Kunohe District]] (九戸郡)
[[Miyagi Prefecture]]
*[[Katta District, Miyagi|Katta District]] (刈田郡)
*[[Igu District, Miyagi|Igu District]] (伊具郡)
*[[Igu District, Miyagi|Igu District]] (伊具郡)
*[[Watari District, Miyagi|Watari District]] (亘理郡)
*[[Watari District, Miyagi|Watari District]] (亘理郡)
*[[Shibata District, Miyagi|Shibata District]] (柴田郡)
*[[Natori, Miyagi|Natori District]] (名取郡)
*[[Miyagi District, Miyagi|Miyagi District]] (宮城郡)
*[[Miyagi District, Miyagi|Miyagi District]] (宮城郡)
*[[Kurokawa District, Miyagi|Kurokawa District]] (黒川郡)
*[[Kurokawa District, Miyagi|Kurokawa District]] (黒川郡)
*[[Kami District, Miyagi|Kami District]] (賀美郡)
*[[Kami District, Miyagi|Kami District]] (賀美郡)
*[[Shikama, Miyagi|Shikama District]] (色麻郡)
*[[Shikama, Miyagi|Shikama District]] (色麻郡) (dissolved, merged with Kami District)
*[[Tamatsukuri District, Miyagi|Tamatsukuri District]] (玉造郡)
*[[Tamatsukuri District, Miyagi|Tamatsukuri District]] (玉造郡)
*[[Shida District, Miyagi|Shida District]] (志太郡)
*[[Shida District, Miyagi|Shida District]] (志太郡)
*[[Kurihara District, Miyagi|Kurihara District]] (栗原郡)
*[[Kurihara District, Miyagi|Kurihara District]] (栗原郡)
*[[Iwai District]] (磐井郡) (split into [[Higashiiwai District, Iwate|East-Iwai]] and [[Nishiiwai District, Iwate|West-Iwai]] districts in Iwate Prefecture)
*[[Isawa District, Iwate|Isawa District]] (膽沢郡)
*[[Nagaoka District]] (長岡郡) (distinct from the one in [[Kōchi Prefecture]])
*[[Nagaoka District]] (長岡郡) (distinct from the one in [[Kōchi Prefecture]])
*[[Niita District]] (新田郡) (distinct from the one in [[Gunma Prefecture]])
*[[Niita District]] (新田郡) (distinct from the one in [[Gunma Prefecture]]; dissolved, absorbed into Kurihara District)
*[[Oda District]] (小田郡) (now in the city of [[Tome, Miyagi|Tome]], Miyagi Prefecture)
*[[Oda District]] (小田郡) (dissolved, now in the city of [[Tome, Miyagi|Tome]], Miyagi Prefecture)
*[[Tōda District, Miyagi|Tōda District]] (遠田郡)
*[[Tōda District, Miyagi|Tōda District]] (遠田郡)
*[[Kesen District, Iwate|Kesen District]] (気仙郡)
*[[Oshika District, Miyagi|Oshika District]] (牡鹿郡)
*[[Oshika District, Miyagi|Oshika District]] (牡鹿郡)
*[[Tome District, Miyagi|Tome District]] (登米郡)
*[[Tome District, Miyagi|Tome District]] (登米郡)
*[[Monou District, Miyagi|Monou District]] (桃生郡)
*[[Monou District, Miyagi|Monou District]] (桃生郡)
*[[Ōnuma District, Fukushima|Ōnuma District]] (大沼郡)
[[Fukushima Prefecture]]
*[[Iwase District, Fukushima|Iwase District]] (磐瀬郡)
*[[Aizu|Aizu District]] (会津郡)
**[[Yama District, Fukushima|Yama District]] (耶麻郡) (separated from Aizu District during the [[Heian period]])
**[[Ōnuma District, Fukushima|Ōnuma District]] (大沼郡) (separated from Aizu District during the Heian period)
**[[Kawanuma District, Fukushima|Kawanuma District]] (河沼郡) (separated from Aizu District during the Heian period)
*[[Asaka District, Fukushima|Asaka District]] (安積郡)
**[[Tamura District, Fukushima|Tamura District]] (田村郡) (split off from Asaka District in 1717)
*[[Adachi District, Fukushima|Adachi District]] (安達郡)
*[[Shinobu District, Fukushima|Shinobu District]] (信夫郡)
**[[Date District, Fukushima|Date District]] (伊達郡) (split off from Shinobu District in first half of 10th century)
***[[Mogami District, Yamagata|Mogami District]] (最上郡) (transferred to [[Dewa Province]] in 712)
***[[Murayama District, Uzen|Murayama District]] (村山郡) (transferred to [[Dewa Province]] in 712)
***[[Okitama District, Uzen|Okitama District]] (置賜郡) (transferred to [[Dewa Province]] in 712)
*[[Nishishirakawa District, Fukushima|Nishishirakawa District]] (西白河郡)
*[[Higashishirakawa District, Fukushima|Higashishirakawa District]] (東白川郡)
*[[Ishikawa District, Fukushima|Ishikawa District]] (石川郡)
*[[Kikuta, Fukushima|Kikuta District]] (菊多郡)
*[[Iwaki, Fukushima|Iwaki District]] (石城郡)
*[[Shineha District, Fukushima|Shineha District]] (標葉郡)
*[[Namekata District, Fukushima|Namekata District]] (行方郡)
*[[Uda District, Fukushima|Uda District]] (宇多郡)


=== Under Meiji Era ===
=== Meiji Era ===
*[[Aomori Prefecture]]
*[[Aomori Prefecture]]
**[[Tsugaru District, Aomori|Tsugaru District]] (津軽郡)
**[[Tsugaru District, Aomori|Tsugaru District]] (津軽郡)
***[[Higashitsugaru District, Aomori|Higashitsugaru District]] (東津軽郡)
***[[Kitatsugaru District, Aomori|Kitatsugaru District]] (北津軽郡)
***[[Minamitsugaru District, Aomori|Minamitsugaru District]] (南津軽郡)
***[[Nakatsugaru District, Aomori|Nakatsugaru District]] (中津軽郡)
***[[Nishitsugaru District, Aomori|Nishitsugaru District]] (西津軽郡)
**[[Kita District, Aomori|Kita District]] (北郡)
**[[Kita District, Aomori|Kita District]] (北郡)
**[[Sannohe District, Aomori|Sannohe District]] (三戸郡)
**[[Sannohe District, Aomori|Sannohe District]] (三戸郡)
Line 97: Line 188:


==References==
==References==
* [[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] and Käthe Roth. (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&client=firefox-a ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]
* [[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC ''Japan encyclopedia''.] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''] (''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/nipon-o-dai-itsi-ran-ou-annales-des-empereurs-du-japon/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691].
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''] (''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691].


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Mutsu Province}}
{{Commons category|Mutsu Province}}
* [http://www.maproom.org/00/05/sub1/1.html Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903]
* [http://www.maproom.org/00/05/sub1/1.html Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903]


{{Japan Old Province}}
{{Japan Old Province}}


[[Category:Mutsu Province| ]]
[[Category:Former provinces of Japan]]
[[Category:Former provinces of Japan]]
[[Category:Iwashiro Province|*Mutsu Province]]
[[Category:Iwashiro Province|*Mutsu Province]]

Latest revision as of 18:20, 29 October 2023

"Michinoku" redirects here. For the sumo coach known as Michinoku Oyakata, see Kirishima Kazuhiro.
Mutsu Province
陸奥国
Province of Japan
654–1869

Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Mutsu Province highlighted
CapitalMiyagi District
History 
• Established
654
• Disestablished
1869
 Succeeded by
Rikuō Province
Rikuchū Province
Rikuzen Province
Iwashiro Province
Iwaki Province
Today part ofFukushima Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture
Iwate Prefecture
Akita Prefecture
Aomori Prefecture

Mutsu Province (陸奥国, Mutsu no kuni) was an old province of Japan in the area of Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate and Aomori Prefectures and the municipalities of Kazuno and Kosaka in Akita Prefecture.

Mutsu Province is also known as Ōshū (奥州) or Michinoku (陸奥 or 道奥). The term Ōu (奥羽) is often used to refer to the combined area of Mutsu and the neighboring province Dewa, which together make up the entire Tōhoku region.

History[edit]

Mutsu Province from 7c. to 712
Mutsu Province 718 for several years
Mutsu Province from 1185 to 1868

Invasion by the Kinai government[edit]

Mutsu, on northern Honshū, was one of the last provinces to be formed as land was taken from the indigenous Emishi, and became the largest as it expanded northward. The ancient regional capital of the Kinai government was Tagajō in present-day Miyagi Prefecture.

Prosperity of Hiraizumi[edit]

In 1095, the Ōshū Fujiwara clan settled at Hiraizumi, under the leadership of Fujiwara no Kiyohira. Kiyohira hoped to "form a city rivaling Kyoto as a centre of culture". The legacy of the Ōshū Fujiwara clan remains with the temples Chūson-ji and Mōtsū-ji in Hiraizumi, and the Shiramizu Amidadō temple building in Iwaki. In 1189, Minamoto no Yoritomo invaded Mutsu with three great forces, eventually killing Fujiwara no Yasuhira and acquiring the entire domain.[3]

Sengoku period[edit]

During the Sengoku period, clans ruled parts of the province.

After the Boshin War[edit]

Rikuō (Mutsu) Province from 1869 to 1871
Main article: Mutsu Province (1868)

As a result of the Boshin War, Mutsu Province was divided by the Meiji government, on 19 January 1869, into five provinces: Iwashiro, Iwaki, Rikuzen, Rikuchū, and Rikuō)[citation needed]. The fifth of these, corresponding roughly to today's Aomori Prefecture, was assigned the same two kanji as the entire province prior to division; however, the character reading was different.[4] Due to the similarity in characters in the name, this smaller province has also sometimes been referred to as 'Mutsu'.

Districts[edit]

Under Ritsuryō[edit]

Iwate Prefecture

Miyagi Prefecture

Fukushima Prefecture

Meiji Era[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Mutsu" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 676, p. 676, at Google Books.
  2. ^ Titsingh, p. 119., p. 119, at Google Books
  3. ^ Sansom, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. p. 254,326–328. ISBN 0804705232.
  4. ^ "地名「三陸地方」の起源に関する地理学的ならびに社会学的問題" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-18.（岩手大学教育学部）

References[edit]

External links[edit]

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