Goryōkaku: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 41°47′49″N 140°45′25″E / 41.79694°N 140.75694°E / 41.79694; 140.75694
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{{Short description|Star fort in Hakodate, Japan}}
{{Expand Japanese|五稜郭|date=January 2021}}
{{Expand Japanese|五稜郭|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox military installation
{{Infobox military installation
|name = Goryōkaku
|name = Goryōkaku
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|image = Hakodate Goryokaku Panorama 1.JPG
|image = Hakodate Goryokaku Panorama 1.JPG
|caption = Goryōkaku viewed from Goryōkaku Tower
|caption = Goryōkaku viewed from Goryōkaku Tower
|image2 = GoryokakuMainHall.jpg
|image2 = Hakodate Magistrate's Office 1868.png
|caption2 = governmental hall of the Republic of Ezo
|caption2 = Governmental hall of the Republic of Ezo
|type = Star fort
|type = Star fort
|coordinates = {{coord|41|47|49|N|140|45|25|E|region:JP_type:landmark|display=title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|41|47|49|N|140|45|25|E|region:JP_type:landmark|display=title}}
|image3= GoryokakuPlanLarge.jpg
|image3= GoryokakuPlanLarge.jpg
|caption3 = 19th century map of Goryōkaku
|caption3 = 19th century map of Goryōkaku
|builder = Takeda Hisaburō
|builder = [[Takeda Ayasaburō]]
|pushpin_map=Japan
|pushpin_map=Japan
|battles = Boshin War
|battles = [[Boshin War]]
}}
}}


{{nihongo|'''Goryōkaku'''|五稜郭|}} (literally, "five-point fort") is a [[star fort]] in the Japanese city of [[Hakodate, Hokkaido|Hakodate]] on the island of [[Hokkaido]].<ref name="nussbaum259">{{cite book|author=Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric|author-link=Louis-Frédéric|year=2002|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|translator=Kathe Roth|place=London, England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA259&dq=|title=Goryōkaku|work=Japan Encyclopedia|page=259|isbn=0-674-00770-0}}</ref><ref name=Hinago>{{cite book|author=Hinago, Motoo|title=Japanese Castles|publisher=Kodansha International Ltd. and Shibundo|year=1986|isbn=0870117661|pages=131–133}}</ref> The fortress was completed in 1866. It was the main fortress of the short-lived [[Republic of Ezo]].
{{nihongo|'''Goryōkaku'''|五稜郭||{{lit|five-point fort}}}} is a [[star fort]] in the Japanese city of [[Hakodate, Hokkaido|Hakodate]] on the island of [[Hokkaido]].<ref name="nussbaum259">{{cite book|author=Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric|author-link=Louis-Frédéric|year=2002|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|translator=Kathe Roth|place=London, England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA259|title=Goryōkaku|work=Japan Encyclopedia|page=259|isbn=0-674-00770-0}}</ref><ref name=Hinago>{{cite book|author=Hinago, Motoo|title=Japanese Castles|publisher=Kodansha International Ltd. and Shibundo|year=1986|isbn=0870117661|pages=131–133}}</ref> The fortress was completed in 1866. It was the main headquarters of the short-lived [[Republic of Ezo]].


==History==
==History==
''Goryōkaku'' was designed in 1855 by [[Takeda Ayasaburō]]. His plan was based on the work of the French architect [[Vauban]].<ref name="nussbaum259"/> The fortress was completed in 1866, two years before the collapse of the [[Tokugawa Shogunate]]. It is shaped like a five-pointed star. This allowed for greater numbers of gun emplacements on its walls than a traditional Japanese fortress, and reduced the number of blind spots where a cannon could not fire.
''Goryōkaku'' was designed in 1855 by [[Takeda Ayasaburō]]. His plan was based on the work of the French architect [[Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban]].<ref name="nussbaum259"/> The fortress was completed in 1866, two years before the collapse of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]]. It is shaped like a five-pointed star. This allowed for greater numbers of gun emplacements on its walls than a traditional Japanese fortress, and reduced the number of blind spots where a cannon could not fire.


The fort was built by the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] to protect the [[Tsugaru Strait]] against a possible invasion by the Russian fleet.<ref name="nussbaum259"/>
The fort was built by the Tokugawa shogunate to protect [[Tsugaru Strait]] against a possible invasion by the Russian fleet.<ref name="nussbaum259"/> It became the capital of the [[Republic of Ezo]], a state that existed only in 1869. It was the site of the last battle of the [[Boshin War]] between the Republic and the [[Empire of Japan]]. The fighting lasted for a week (June 20–27, 1869).<ref name="nussbaum259"/>

Goryōkaku is famous as the site of the last battle of the [[Boshin War]]. The fighting lasted for a week (June 20–27, 1869).<ref name="nussbaum259"/>


==Park==
==Park==
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*[[Benten Daiba]], another key fortress of the Republic of Ezo
*[[Benten Daiba]], another key fortress of the Republic of Ezo
*[[Citadel Hill (Fort George)|Citadel Hill]], a similar shaped fortress in Nova Scotia, Canada
*[[Citadel Hill (Fort George)|Citadel Hill]], a similar shaped fortress in Nova Scotia, Canada
*[[Fort Bourtange]], a similarly-shaped fortress in the Netherlands.
*[[Fort Bourtange]], a similarly shaped fortress in the Netherlands
*[[List of foreign-style castles in Japan]]
*[[List of foreign-style castles in Japan]]
*[[Palmanova]]
*[[Palmanova]]
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite book |title=Japan's Castles: Citadels of Modernity in War and Peace | last=Benesch |first=Oleg and Ran Zwigenberg |year=2019 |pages=374 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=9781108481946}}
*{{cite book |title=Japan's Castles: Citadels of Modernity in War and Peace | last=Benesch |first=Oleg and Ran Zwigenberg |year=2019 |pages=374 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=9781108481946}}
*{{cite book |title=An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles | last=De Lange |first=William |year=2021 |pages=600 |publisher=Toyo Press |location=Groningen |isbn=978-9492722300}}
*{{cite book|title=Castles in Japan|author=Schmorleitz, Morton S.|year=1974|publisher=Charles E. Tuttle Co.|location=Tokyo|isbn=0-8048-1102-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/castlesinjapan00schm/page/144 144]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/castlesinjapan00schm/page/144}}
*{{cite book|title=Castles in Japan|author=Schmorleitz, Morton S.|year=1974|publisher=Charles E. Tuttle Co.|location=Tokyo|isbn=0-8048-1102-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/castlesinjapan00schm/page/144 144]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/castlesinjapan00schm/page/144}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Goryokaku}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goryokaku}}
⚫
[[Category:Forts in Japan]]
[[Category:Boshin War]]
[[Category:Boshin War]]
⚫
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hokkaido]]
[[Category:Special Historic Sites]]
[[Category:Special Historic Sites]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hokkaido]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hakodate]]
[[Category:Coastal fortifications]]
[[Category:Coastal fortifications]]
[[Category:Star forts]]
[[Category:Star forts]]
[[Category:19th-century fortifications in Japan]]
[[Category:19th-century fortifications in Japan]]
[[Category:Hakodate]]
[[Category:Hanami spots of Japan]]
⚫
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hakodate]]
⚫
[[Category:Hokkaido Heritage]]

Latest revision as of 14:27, 22 October 2023

Goryōkaku
五稜郭
Part of Boshin War
Near Hakodate in Japan
Goryōkaku viewed from Goryōkaku Tower
Governmental hall of the Republic of Ezo
Goryōkaku is located in Japan
Goryōkaku
Goryōkaku
Coordinates41°47′49″N 140°45′25″E / 41.79694°N 140.75694°E / 41.79694; 140.75694
TypeStar fort
Site history
Built1866
Built byTakeda Ayasaburō
Battles/warsBoshin War
19th century map of Goryōkaku

Goryōkaku (五稜郭, lit. 'five-point fort') is a star fort in the Japanese city of Hakodate on the island of Hokkaido.[1][2] The fortress was completed in 1866. It was the main headquarters of the short-lived Republic of Ezo.

History[edit]

Goryōkaku was designed in 1855 by Takeda Ayasaburō. His plan was based on the work of the French architect Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban.[1] The fortress was completed in 1866, two years before the collapse of the Tokugawa shogunate. It is shaped like a five-pointed star. This allowed for greater numbers of gun emplacements on its walls than a traditional Japanese fortress, and reduced the number of blind spots where a cannon could not fire.

The fort was built by the Tokugawa shogunate to protect Tsugaru Strait against a possible invasion by the Russian fleet.[1] It became the capital of the Republic of Ezo, a state that existed only in 1869. It was the site of the last battle of the Boshin War between the Republic and the Empire of Japan. The fighting lasted for a week (June 20–27, 1869).[1]

Park[edit]

Today, Goryōkaku is a park declared as a Special Historical Site, being a part of the Hakodate city museum and a citizens' favorite spot for cherry-blossom viewing in spring.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Goryōkaku. Translated by Kathe Roth. London, England: Harvard University Press. p. 259. ISBN 0-674-00770-0. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  2. ^ Hinago, Motoo (1986). Japanese Castles. Kodansha International Ltd. and Shibundo. pp. 131–133. ISBN 0870117661.

Further reading[edit]

  • Benesch, Oleg and Ran Zwigenberg (2019). Japan's Castles: Citadels of Modernity in War and Peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 374. ISBN 9781108481946.
  • De Lange, William (2021). An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles. Groningen: Toyo Press. p. 600. ISBN 978-9492722300.
  • Schmorleitz, Morton S. (1974). Castles in Japan. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co. p. 144. ISBN 0-8048-1102-4.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Goryokaku.
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