Toyotomi, Hokkaido: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 45°6′N 141°47′E / 45.100°N 141.783°E / 45.100; 141.783
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{{Expand Japanese|date=June 2022}}
{{other uses|Toyotomi (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox city Japan
{{Infobox settlement
|name= Toyotomi
| name = Toyotomi
| official_name =
|JapaneseName= 豊富町
| native_name = {{nobold|豊富町}}
|settlement_type= Town
| native_name_lang = ja
|image_skyline= Toyotomi town hall.JPG
| settlement_type = Town
|image_caption= Toyotomi town hall
| other_name =
|image_map= Toyotomi in Hokkaido Prefecture Ja.svg
| image_skyline = Toyotomi town hall.JPG
|region= [[Hokkaido]]
| image_caption = Toyotomi town hall
|prefecture= [[Hokkaido]] ([[Sōya Subprefecture]])
|district= [[Teshio District, Hokkaido|Teshio]]
| image_flag = Flag of Toyotomi, Hokkaido.svg
| image_seal = Symbol of Toyotomi, Hokkaido.svg
|area_km2= 520.69
| image_map = Toyotomi in Hokkaido Prefecture Ja.svg
|population_as_of= 2015
| map_caption = Location of Toyotomi in [[Hokkaido]] ([[Sōya Subprefecture]])
|population= 4,140
| pushpin_map = Japan
|density_km2= auto
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Japan
|lat_deg= 45
| coordinates = {{coord|45|6|N|141|47|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
|lat_min= 6
| subdivision_type = Country
|lat_sec=
| subdivision_name = Japan
|lon_deg= 141
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
|lon_min= 47
| subdivision_name1 = [[Hokkaido]]
|lon_sec=
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
|tree=Japanese Yew
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hokkaido]] ([[Sōya Subprefecture]])
|flower=Ezo-kanzō
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Japan|District]]
|bird=
| subdivision_name3 = [[Teshio District, Hokkaido|Teshio]]
|image_symbol=
| leader_title = Mayor
|mayor=Eiji Kudō
| leader_name = Eiji Kudō
|city_hall_postal_code=098-4110
| leader_title1 = Vice Mayor
|city_hall_address=Toyotomi Oodori 6 chou-me
| leader_name1 =
|city_hall_phone_number=
| unit_pref = Metric
|website={{Official website|http://www.town.toyotomi.hokkaido.jp/}}
| area_total_km2 = 520.69
| population_total = 3,615
| population_as_of = August 31, 2023
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
| utc_offset1 = +09:00
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = City hall address
| blank_info_sec1 = Toyotomi Oodori 6 chou-me<br />098-4110
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid continental climate|Dfb]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.town.toyotomi.hokkaido.jp/}}
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| tree = Japanese Yew
| flower = Ezo-kanzō
| bird =
| butterfly =
| fish =
}}
}}
}}


{{nihongo|'''Toyotomi'''|豊富町|Toyotomi-chō}} is a [[List of towns in Japan|town]] located in [[Teshio District, Hokkaido|Teshio District]], [[Sōya Subprefecture]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Japan]]. It contains the [[Sarobetsu plain|Sarobetsu Plain]], which is part of [[Rishiri-Rebun-Sarobetsu National Park]], and is famous for its hot springs.
{{Nihongo|'''Toyotomi'''|豊富町|Toyotomi-chō}} is a [[List of towns in Japan|town]] located in [[Sōya Subprefecture]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Japan]]. It contains the [[Sarobetsu plain|Sarobetsu Plain]], which is part of [[Rishiri-Rebun-Sarobetsu National Park]], and is famous for its hot springs.


As of 2015, the town has an estimated [[population]] of 4,140 and a [[population density|density]] of 7.95 persons per km². The total area is 520.69&nbsp;km².
As of August 31, 2023, the town has an estimated [[population]] of 3,615 and a [[population density|density]] of 7.8 persons per km². The total area is 520.69&nbsp;km².<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.town.toyotomi.hokkaido.jp/section/chominka/a7cug60000002etw.html|title=豊富町の人口|publisher= 豊富町|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 26 September 2023}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
Line 63: Line 83:
* Lakes: Kabutonuma Marsh, Penkenuma Marsh, Naganuma Marshes
* Lakes: Kabutonuma Marsh, Penkenuma Marsh, Naganuma Marshes
* Mountains: Toryū Pass
* Mountains: Toryū Pass
===Climate===
{{Weather box
|width= auto
|collapsed = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = Toyotomi, Hokkaido (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present)
|Jan record high C = 7.6
|Feb record high C = 9.6
|Mar record high C = 13.1
|Apr record high C = 22.7
|May record high C = 25.9
|Jun record high C = 29.3
|Jul record high C = 32.8
|Aug record high C = 33.1
|Sep record high C = 30.8
|Oct record high C = 22.5
|Nov record high C = 17.3
|Dec record high C = 10.6
|Jan high C = -2.9
|Feb high C = -2.3
|Mar high C = 1.7
|Apr high C = 8.1
|May high C = 14.3
|Jun high C = 18.3
|Jul high C = 22.3
|Aug high C = 23.6
|Sep high C = 20.7
|Oct high C = 14.2
|Nov high C = 6.0
|Dec high C = -0.6
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = -6.1
|Feb mean C = -6.1
|Mar mean C = -1.9
|Apr mean C = 4.1
|May mean C = 9.6
|Jun mean C = 13.7
|Jul mean C = 17.9
|Aug mean C = 19.4
|Sep mean C = 16.0
|Oct mean C = 9.7
|Nov mean C = 2.7
|Dec mean C = -3.4
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = -10.7
|Feb low C = -11.4
|Mar low C = -6.5
|Apr low C = -0.1
|May low C = 5.0
|Jun low C = 9.6
|Jul low C = 14.1
|Aug low C = 15.6
|Sep low C = 11.1
|Oct low C = 4.9
|Nov low C = -0.9
|Dec low C = -7.0
|year low C =
|Jan record low C = -26.5
|Feb record low C = -28.8
|Mar record low C = -23.2
|Apr record low C = -10.6
|May record low C = -5.8
|Jun record low C = -1.6
|Jul record low C = 2.9
|Aug record low C = 3.5
|Sep record low C = 0.4
|Oct record low C = -4.4
|Nov record low C = -13.6
|Dec record low C = -21.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 65.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 48.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 46.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 46.6
|May precipitation mm = 61.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 51.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 111.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 120.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 130.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 137.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 116.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 85.9
|year precipitation mm = 1030.8
|Jan rain days = 18.6
|Feb rain days = 14.9
|Mar rain days = 12.5
|Apr rain days = 9.9
|May rain days = 9.8
|Jun rain days = 9.1
|Jul rain days = 9.5
|Aug rain days = 9.7
|Sep rain days = 11.8
|Oct rain days = 15.5
|Nov rain days = 17.4
|Dec rain days = 19.0
|Jan snow cm = 195
|Feb snow cm = 150
|Mar snow cm = 112
|Apr snow cm = 21
|May snow cm = 0
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 1
|Nov snow cm = 56
|Dec snow cm = 178
|year snow cm = 703
|Jan snow days = 22.6
|Feb snow days = 17.7
|Mar snow days = 15.5
|Apr snow days = 3.0
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 6.0
|Dec snow days = 19.1
|Jan sun = 46.3
|Feb sun = 74.2
|Mar sun = 125.0
|Apr sun = 149.0
|May sun = 169.9
|Jun sun = 139.0
|Jul sun = 126.2
|Aug sun = 137.1
|Sep sun = 161.0
|Oct sun = 122.8
|Nov sun = 55.0
|Dec sun = 27.8
|year sun = 1333.5
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=11&block_no=1054&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測史上1~10位の値(年間を通じての値)
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = February 21, 2022}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=11&block_no=1054&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値)
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = February 21, 2022}}</ref>}}


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
Line 69: Line 233:


==== Farming ====
==== Farming ====
Toyotomi has a prosperous dairy industry. The area is home to over 16,000 dairy cows, meaning that the bovine population in Toyotomi is four times greater than that of the town's human population. Each year 72,000 tons of dairy milk are produced in the town, making it the largest dairy producer in Hokkaidō. Sold under the brand name of Hokkaido Sarobetsu Milk (formerly Hokkaido Toyotomi Milk), the milk produced in Toyotomi is widely consumed throughout Hokkaido. The town actively recruits and trains young people interested in becoming farmers.
Toyotomi has a prosperous dairy industry. The area is home to over 16,000 dairy cows, meaning that the bovine population in Toyotomi is four times greater than that of the town's human population. Each year 72,000 tons of dairy milk are produced in the town, making it the largest dairy producer in Hokkaidō. Sold under the brand name of ''Hokkaido Sarobetsu Milk'' (formerly ''Hokkaido Toyotomi Milk''), the milk produced in Toyotomi is widely consumed throughout Hokkaido. The town actively recruits and trains young people interested in becoming farmers.


In recent years, businesses that produce and sell high quality food products have been growing in Toyotomi, such as Misawa Farm, which produces LTLT pasteurized-milk, Kōbō Retie, which creates authentic dairy products such as cheese and gelato, and Sarobetsu Farm, which makes ham and sausages.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.wk.hkd.mlit.go.jp/kouhousi/no9/images/map_kamisaro.pdf|title = Upper Sarobetsu (Toyotomi) Farming Information Map|date = April 2013|accessdate = September 8, 2015|website = 上サロベツ(豊富町)農業情報マップ|publisher = Wakkanai Development and Construction Department, Toyotomi Agricultural Administration|last = |first = }}</ref>
In recent years, businesses that produce and sell high quality food products have been growing in Toyotomi, such as Misawa Farm, which produces LTLT pasteurized-milk, Kōbō Retie, which creates authentic dairy products such as cheese and gelato, and Sarobetsu Farm, which makes ham and sausages.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.wk.hkd.mlit.go.jp/kouhousi/no9/images/map_kamisaro.pdf|title = Upper Sarobetsu (Toyotomi) Farming Information Map|date = April 2013|access-date = September 8, 2015|website = 上サロベツ(豊富町)農業情報マップ|publisher = Wakkanai Development and Construction Department, Toyotomi Agricultural Administration}}</ref>


==== Forestry ====
==== Forestry ====
Line 84: Line 248:


==== Mining ====
==== Mining ====
In the past, Toyotomi had a booming mining industry, in which coal, petroleum, and natural gas were produced. However, due to the decline in profitability of coal mining, Toyotomi's coal mines have since closed. The amount of petroleum buried in the area is not great enough to justify extraction operations.
In the past, Toyotomi had a prosperous mining industry, in which coal, petroleum, and natural gas were produced. However, due to the decline in profitability of coal mining, Toyotomi's coal mines have since closed. The amount of petroleum buried in the area is not great enough to justify extraction operations. Natural gas emerges in the area, and in the past it was used to generate electricity which was used in Wakkanai, but due to the aging of the equipment involved and profitability issues, plant operations ceased in 1975. Currently, natural gas is still used to heat the water at Toyotomi Onsen.

==== Fishing ====
Wakasakanai Harbor is famous for the [[Spisula sachalinensis|hokkigai]] which are caught there.

==Mascot==
[[File:Toyotomi-kun.png|thumb|left|200px|Toyotomi-kun, the town's mascot]]
Toyotomi's mascot is {{Nihongo|'''Toyotomi-kun'''|とよとみ君}}. He is a simple and cute young calf. He was unveiled in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kawaii.hokkaido.jp/character/toyotomikun/|title=とよとみ君のプロフィール(豊富町)|website=Kawaii Hokkaido}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
# [[:ja:豊富町|https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%8A%E5%AF%8C%E7%94%BA]] (Japanese Wikipedia page)
# http://www.wk.hkd.mlit.go.jp/kouhousi/no9/images/map_kamisaro.pdf Upper Sarobetsu (Toyotomi) Farming Information Map (Japanese)


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Toyotomi, Hokkaido|Toyotomi, Hokkaidō}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Toyotomi, Hokkaido|Toyotomi, Hokkaidō}}
*[http://www.town.toyotomi.hokkaido.jp/ Official website] {{ja icon}}
* [http://www.town.toyotomi.hokkaido.jp/ Official Website] {{in lang|ja}}

{{Hokkaido}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Toyotomi, Hokkaido}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Toyotomi, Hokkaido}}
[[Category:Towns in Hokkaido]]
[[Category:Towns in Hokkaido]]


{{Hokkaido-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:36, 26 September 2023

Toyotomi
豊富町
Town
Toyotomi town hall
Toyotomi town hall
Flag of Toyotomi
Official seal of Toyotomi
Location of Toyotomi in Hokkaido (Sōya Subprefecture)
Location of Toyotomi in Hokkaido (Sōya Subprefecture)
Toyotomi is located in Japan
Toyotomi
Toyotomi
Location in Japan
Coordinates: 45°6′N 141°47′E / 45.100°N 141.783°E / 45.100; 141.783
CountryJapan
RegionHokkaido
PrefectureHokkaido (Sōya Subprefecture)
DistrictTeshio
Government
 • MayorEiji Kudō
Area
 • Total520.69 km2 (201.04 sq mi)
Population
 (August 31, 2023)
 • Total3,615
 • Density6.9/km2 (18/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+09:00 (JST)
City hall addressToyotomi Oodori 6 chou-me
098-4110
ClimateDfb
Websitewww.town.toyotomi.hokkaido.jp
Symbols
FlowerEzo-kanzō
TreeJapanese Yew

Toyotomi (豊富町, Toyotomi-chō) is a town located in Sōya Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It contains the Sarobetsu Plain, which is part of Rishiri-Rebun-Sarobetsu National Park, and is famous for its hot springs.

As of August 31, 2023, the town has an estimated population of 3,615 and a density of 7.8 persons per km². The total area is 520.69 km².[1]

History[edit]

Origin of the town's name[edit]

It is derived from the name "Ebekorobetsu" of the region now referred to as the Shimo-Ebekorobetsu River Valley. In Ainu, the name Ebekorobetsu (ipe-kor-pet) means "a river containing fish (food)". Because the area is rich in natural resources such as coal, petroleum, peat, and hot springs, it was named Toyotomi, which is an alternate reading of the Chinese characters for the word houfu (豊富), meaning "rich" or "abundant".

Timeline[edit]

  • 1869 - Japanese settlement offices open.
  • 1878 - The village of Saru is founded in the location of present-day Toyotomi.
  • 1909 - A government registration office is opened in the village of Horonobe, which included present-day Toyotomi.
  • 1919 - The villages of Horonobe and Saru are incorporated into one village.
  • 1926 - Natural gas and hot springs are discovered during mining at the present-day location of Toyotomi Onsen.
  • 1936 November - The Nissō Coal Mine of Teshio is opened by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.
  • 1940 September - The village of Horonobe is separated into the villages of Horonobe and Toyotomi
  • 1947 - Mitsubishi Materials begins coal-mining operations in the Toyotomi-Horonobe area.
  • 1948 October - The town is moved from the administration of Rumoi Subprefecture to that of Sōya Subprefecture.
  • 1950 November - The areas of Tenkō and Akebono become part of Wakkanai.
  • 1959 January - Toyotomi is officially designated a township under Japanese municipal laws.
  • 1972 July - Nissō Coal Mine closes.
  • 1974 September - The Sarobetsu Plain is designated a national park.
  • 1991 July - The town becomes the first in the country to proclaim itself a "Bicycle for Health Town".
  • 2002 December - Garbage disposal fees are instituted.
  • 2005 November - The Sarobetsu Plain is designated a Ramsar site.

Geography[edit]

The Sarobetsu Plain covers the coastal side of the Sarobetsu River Valley. The area to the east of Japan National Route 40 is filled with gently sloping hills and mountains, as well as farmland and forests. Toyotomi Onsen is located in the mountainous region to the southeast.

  • Rivers: Sarobetsu River, Shimo-Ebekorobetsu River
  • Lakes: Kabutonuma Marsh, Penkenuma Marsh, Naganuma Marshes
  • Mountains: Toryū Pass

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Toyotomi, Hokkaido (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7)
9.6
(49.3)
13.1
(55.6)
22.7
(72.9)
25.9
(78.6)
29.3
(84.7)
32.8
(91.0)
33.1
(91.6)
30.8
(87.4)
22.5
(72.5)
17.3
(63.1)
10.6
(51.1)
33.1
(91.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −2.9
(26.8)
−2.3
(27.9)
1.7
(35.1)
8.1
(46.6)
14.3
(57.7)
18.3
(64.9)
22.3
(72.1)
23.6
(74.5)
20.7
(69.3)
14.2
(57.6)
6.0
(42.8)
−0.6
(30.9)
10.3
(50.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.1
(21.0)
−6.1
(21.0)
−1.9
(28.6)
4.1
(39.4)
9.6
(49.3)
13.7
(56.7)
17.9
(64.2)
19.4
(66.9)
16.0
(60.8)
9.7
(49.5)
2.7
(36.9)
−3.4
(25.9)
6.3
(43.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −10.7
(12.7)
−11.4
(11.5)
−6.5
(20.3)
−0.1
(31.8)
5.0
(41.0)
9.6
(49.3)
14.1
(57.4)
15.6
(60.1)
11.1
(52.0)
4.9
(40.8)
−0.9
(30.4)
−7.0
(19.4)
2.0
(35.6)
Record low °C (°F) −26.5
(−15.7)
−28.8
(−19.8)
−23.2
(−9.8)
−10.6
(12.9)
−5.8
(21.6)
−1.6
(29.1)
2.9
(37.2)
3.5
(38.3)
0.4
(32.7)
−4.4
(24.1)
−13.6
(7.5)
−21.0
(−5.8)
−28.8
(−19.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 65.2
(2.57)
48.0
(1.89)
46.5
(1.83)
46.6
(1.83)
61.8
(2.43)
51.8
(2.04)
111.2
(4.38)
120.9
(4.76)
130.8
(5.15)
137.8
(5.43)
116.6
(4.59)
85.9
(3.38)
1,030.8
(40.58)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 195
(77)
150
(59)
112
(44)
21
(8.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1
(0.4)
56
(22)
178
(70)
703
(277)
Average rainy days 18.6 14.9 12.5 9.9 9.8 9.1 9.5 9.7 11.8 15.5 17.4 19.0 157.7
Average snowy days 22.6 17.7 15.5 3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 6.0 19.1 84
Mean monthly sunshine hours 46.3 74.2 125.0 149.0 169.9 139.0 126.2 137.1 161.0 122.8 55.0 27.8 1,333.5
Source 1: JMA[2]
Source 2: JMA[3]

Economy[edit]

Industries[edit]

Farming[edit]

Toyotomi has a prosperous dairy industry. The area is home to over 16,000 dairy cows, meaning that the bovine population in Toyotomi is four times greater than that of the town's human population. Each year 72,000 tons of dairy milk are produced in the town, making it the largest dairy producer in Hokkaidō. Sold under the brand name of Hokkaido Sarobetsu Milk (formerly Hokkaido Toyotomi Milk), the milk produced in Toyotomi is widely consumed throughout Hokkaido. The town actively recruits and trains young people interested in becoming farmers.

In recent years, businesses that produce and sell high quality food products have been growing in Toyotomi, such as Misawa Farm, which produces LTLT pasteurized-milk, Kōbō Retie, which creates authentic dairy products such as cheese and gelato, and Sarobetsu Farm, which makes ham and sausages.[4]

Forestry[edit]

With forestland covering 52% of the town's total area, forestry is a key industry in Toyotomi. Through the implementation of the Toyotomi Forest Maintenance Plan, the town systematically preserves and maintains its forests.

Tourism[edit]

Facing a decline in population following the closing of its coal mines, the town decided to change its focus to the tourism industry. Over 30,000 people visit Toyotomi for tourism each year.

Toyotomi's main tourist attraction is Japan's northernmost onsen, Toyotomi Onsen. Because the water from the onsen is considered to help with the treatment of skin disease, many skin disease sufferers seeking to heal their skin as well as tourists visit the onsen each year.

The town is home to the Sarobetsu Plain, and opportunities for coming into contact with nature are plentiful. In recent years, with the recognition of the town's vast farmlands as a source of tourism, farm restaurants and the sale of high quality dairy products have been increasing.

Mining[edit]

In the past, Toyotomi had a prosperous mining industry, in which coal, petroleum, and natural gas were produced. However, due to the decline in profitability of coal mining, Toyotomi's coal mines have since closed. The amount of petroleum buried in the area is not great enough to justify extraction operations. Natural gas emerges in the area, and in the past it was used to generate electricity which was used in Wakkanai, but due to the aging of the equipment involved and profitability issues, plant operations ceased in 1975. Currently, natural gas is still used to heat the water at Toyotomi Onsen.

Fishing[edit]

Wakasakanai Harbor is famous for the hokkigai which are caught there.

Mascot[edit]

Toyotomi-kun, the town's mascot

Toyotomi's mascot is Toyotomi-kun (とよとみ君). He is a simple and cute young calf. He was unveiled in 1989.[5]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "豊富町の人口" (in Japanese). Japan: 豊富町. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  2. ^ 観測史上1~10位の値(年間を通じての値). JMA. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  3. ^ 気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値). JMA. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  4. ^ "Upper Sarobetsu (Toyotomi) Farming Information Map" (PDF). 上サロベツ(豊富町)農業情報マップ. Wakkanai Development and Construction Department, Toyotomi Agricultural Administration. April 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
  5. ^ "とよとみ君のプロフィール(豊富町)". Kawaii Hokkaido.

External links[edit]