Shakotan, Hokkaido: Difference between revisions
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| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time]] |
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| blank_name_sec1 = Phone number |
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| blank_info_sec1 = 0135-44-2111 |
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| blank1_name_sec1 = Address |
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| blank1_info_sec1 = 48 Funama, Bikuni-chō, Shakotan-chō, Shakotan-gun, Hokkaido<br>046-0292 |
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| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] |
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| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid continental climate|Dfb]] |
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| website = {{URL|http://www.town.shakotan.hokkaido.jp/}} |
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| blank_info_sec2 = 0135-44-2111 |
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| blank1_name_sec2 = Address |
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| blank1_info_sec2 = 48 Funama, Bikuni-chō, Shakotan-chō, Shakotan-gun, Hokkaido<br>046-0292 |
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| website = {{URL|http://www.town.shakotan.hokkaido.jp/}}{{ja icon}} |
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{{Nihongo|'''Shakotan'''|積丹町|Shakotan-chō}} is a [[List of towns in Japan|town]] located in [[Shiribeshi Subprefecture]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Japan]]. As of September 2016, the town had a [[population]] of 2,215, and a [[population density|density]] of 9.3 persons per km<sup>2</sup>. The total area of the town is {{convert|238.20|km2|mi2}}, and located {{Convert|90|km|mi}} west of [[Sapporo]], the capital and economic hub of Hokkaido.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://town-shakotan.com/ | script-title=ja:積丹町 | year = 2012 | publisher = Town of Shakotan | location = Shakotan, Hokkaido | language = ja |trans-title=Town of Shakotan | access-date = Aug 16, 2012}}</ref> Shakotan occupies the north of the [[Shakotan Peninsula]]. It was founded in 1869 as part of the short-lived [[Shiribeshi Province]], which was dissolved in 1882 to become Hokkaido.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Kokugo Daijiten | title = 積丹町 | trans-title = Shakotan | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | access-date = 2012-08-16 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | language = ja | oclc = 56431036 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | archive-date = 2007-08-25 }}</ref><ref name="n">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) | title = 積丹（町） | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | access-date = 2012-08-12 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | language = ja | oclc = 153301537 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | archive-date = 2007-08-25 }}</ref> Shakotan, along with neighboring [[Otaru, Hokkaido|Otaru]], is home to Japan's only national-level [[marine sanctuary]].<ref name="jnto">{{cite web | url = http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/location/regional/hokkaido/shakotan_niseko.html | title = Shakotan/Niseko | year = 2012 | publisher = Japan National Tourism Organization | location = Tokyo | access-date = Aug 21, 2012}}</ref><ref name="chimei">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei | title = 北海道：後志支庁 ＞ 積丹町 | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | access-date = 2012-08-21 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | language = ja | trans-title = Hokkaidō, Shiribeshi Subprefecture, Shakotan | id = dlc 2009238904 | oclc = 173191044 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | archive-date = 2007-08-25 }}</ref> Shakotan is home to the three great capes of the Shakotan Peninsula: [[Cape Kamui|Kamui]], [[Cape Shakotan|Shakotan]], and [[Cape Ōgon|Ōgon]].<ref name="kanko">{{cite web | url = http://www.kanko-shakotan.jp/eng/index.html | title = Shakotan Sightseeing Guide | year = 2005 | publisher = Town of Shakotan | location = Shakotan, Hokkaidō | access-date = Aug 18, 2012}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The name of the town originates from the word "ShakKotan" in the [[Ainu language]]. It is formed from two words, the first, "shak", meaning "summer", and the second, "kotan", meaning "village".<ref name="n" /><ref name="yogai">{{cite web | url = http://town-shakotan.com/modules/pico/content0032.html | script-title=ja:積丹町の概要 | date = c. 2012 | publisher = Town of Shakotan | location = Shakotan, Hokkaido | language = |
The name of the town originates from the word "ShakKotan" in the [[Ainu language]]. It is formed from two words, the first, "shak", meaning "summer", and the second, "kotan", meaning "village".<ref name="n" /><ref name="yogai">{{cite web | url = http://town-shakotan.com/modules/pico/content0032.html | script-title=ja:積丹町の概要 | date = c. 2012 | publisher = Town of Shakotan | location = Shakotan, Hokkaido | language = ja |trans-title=Outline of Shakotan | access-date = Aug 7, 2012}}</ref> |
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In the [[Japanese language]] the name of the town is written with ''[[ateji]]'', or [[kanji]] characters used to phonetically represent native or borrowed words. The first, {{linktext|積}}, means to "store" or "accumulate", and the second, {{linktext|丹}}, means "red" or "red earth". The meaning of the written form of Shakotan has no relationship to the meaning of "Shakotan" in the Ainu language. |
In the [[Japanese language]] the name of the town is written with ''[[ateji]]'', or [[kanji]] characters used to phonetically represent native or borrowed words. The first, {{linktext|積}}, means to "store" or "accumulate", and the second, {{linktext|丹}}, means "red" or "red earth". The meaning of the written form of Shakotan has no relationship to the meaning of "Shakotan" in the Ainu language. |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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The town of Shakotan is located on the north of the [[Shakotan Peninsula]] in western Hokkaido, and occupies one fourth of the area of the peninsula.<ref name="yogai" /> The border of the town is defined by the three great capes of the Shakotan Peninsula: [[Cape Kamui|Kamui]], [[Cape Shakotan|Shakotan]], and [[Cape Ōgon|Ōgon]]. The town faces the [[Japan Sea]] and has a long, scenic {{Convert|42|km|mi}} sea coast. Much of the coast of Shakotan is faced by steep sea [[cliff]]s. The population of the town is concentrated in small villages along the coast. The interior of the town is rugged with little flat land, and is made up of the mountainous areas centered on the twin peaks of [[Mount Shakotan]] ({{Convert|1255|m|ft}}) and [[Mount Yobetsu]] ({{Convert|1298|m|ft}}).<ref name="n" /><ref name="chimei" /><ref name="kanko" /><ref name="funama">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei | title = 船澗村 | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | |
The town of Shakotan is located on the north of the [[Shakotan Peninsula]] in western Hokkaido, and occupies one fourth of the area of the peninsula.<ref name="yogai" /> The border of the town is defined by the three great capes of the Shakotan Peninsula: [[Cape Kamui|Kamui]], [[Cape Shakotan|Shakotan]], and [[Cape Ōgon|Ōgon]]. The town faces the [[Japan Sea]] and has a long, scenic {{Convert|42|km|mi}} sea coast. Much of the coast of Shakotan is faced by steep sea [[cliff]]s. The population of the town is concentrated in small villages along the coast. The interior of the town is rugged with little flat land, and is made up of the mountainous areas centered on the twin peaks of [[Mount Shakotan]] ({{Convert|1255|m|ft}}) and [[Mount Yobetsu]] ({{Convert|1298|m|ft}}).<ref name="n" /><ref name="chimei" /><ref name="kanko" /><ref name="funama">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei | title = 船澗村 | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | access-date = 2012-08-16 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | language = ja | trans-title = Funama | id = dlc 2009238904 | oclc = 173191044 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | archive-date = 2007-08-25 }}</ref><ref name="shakotan-pen">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Japan | title = Shakotan Peninsula | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | access-date = 2012-08-16 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | oclc = 56431036 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | archive-date = 2007-08-25 }}</ref><ref name="shakotandake">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) | title = 積丹岳 | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | access-date = 2012-08-16 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | language = ja | oclc = 153301537 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | archive-date = 2007-08-25 }}</ref> |
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The entire coast of Shakotan is protected as part of [[Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Quasi-National Park]]. The park, established in 1962, covers {{convert|190|km2|mi2}}, and is managed by the prefectural government of Hokkaido. Shakotan's capes and dramatic [[Shimamui Coast]] are important parts of the park. The [[marine park]] of Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Quasi-National Park, located off the shore of Shakotan and Otaru, is the only designated marine sanctuary in the national parks system of Japan. Fishing is prohibited along the length of the marine sanctuary.<ref name="shakotan-pen" /><ref name="niseko">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei | title = ニセコ積丹小樽海岸国定公園 | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | |
The entire coast of Shakotan is protected as part of [[Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Quasi-National Park]]. The park, established in 1962, covers {{convert|190|km2|mi2}}, and is managed by the prefectural government of Hokkaido. Shakotan's capes and dramatic [[Shimamui Coast]] are important parts of the park. The [[marine park]] of Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Quasi-National Park, located off the shore of Shakotan and Otaru, is the only designated marine sanctuary in the national parks system of Japan. Fishing is prohibited along the length of the marine sanctuary.<ref name="shakotan-pen" /><ref name="niseko">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei | title = ニセコ積丹小樽海岸国定公園 | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | access-date = 2012-08-29 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | language = ja | trans-title = Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Quasi-National Park | id = dlc 2009238904 | oclc = 173191044 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | archive-date = 2007-08-25 }}</ref><ref name="koen">{{cite web | url = http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/skn/environ/parks/niseko.htm | script-title=ja:ニセコ積丹小樽海岸国定公園 | year = 2012 | publisher = Hokkaido Government | location = Sapporo, Hokkaido | language = ja |trans-title=Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Quasi-National Park | access-date = July 30, 2012}}</ref> |
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===Capes=== |
===Capes=== |
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The three major capes of the Shakotan Peninsula, Cape Kamui, Cape Shakotan, and Cape Ōgon, define the coast of the Shakotan Peninsula. All are located in the town of Shakotan, and numerous smaller capes dot the coastline of the town.<ref name="koen" /> |
The three major capes of the Shakotan Peninsula, Cape Kamui, Cape Shakotan, and Cape Ōgon, define the coast of the Shakotan Peninsula. All are located in the town of Shakotan, and numerous smaller capes dot the coastline of the town.<ref name="koen" /> |
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*'''Cape Ōgon''' is located at the east of Shakotan. Bikuni area and its fishing port sit near the cape. Cape Ōgon is topped by a popular observation post which offers a panorama of the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan and the Shakotan Peninsula. The summit of Cape Ōgon can be reached by foot in only 10 minutes, making it a popular tourist destination in the summer.{{Ref|A|A}}<ref name="n" /><ref name="funama" /><ref name="koen" /><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.shiribeshi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/srk/en/shakotan.htm | title = Shakotan Town | year = 2012 | publisher = Hokkaido Government | location = Sapporo, Hokkaido | |
*'''Cape Ōgon''' is located at the east of Shakotan. Bikuni area and its fishing port sit near the cape. Cape Ōgon is topped by a popular observation post which offers a panorama of the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan and the Shakotan Peninsula. The summit of Cape Ōgon can be reached by foot in only 10 minutes, making it a popular tourist destination in the summer.{{Ref|A|A}}<ref name="n" /><ref name="funama" /><ref name="koen" /><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.shiribeshi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/srk/en/shakotan.htm | title = Shakotan Town | year = 2012 | publisher = Hokkaido Government | location = Sapporo, Hokkaido | access-date = Aug 18, 2012}}</ref> |
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*'''Cape Shakotan''' is located at the north of Shakotan. Irika area and its fishing port sit near the cape. Cape Shakotan rises over {{Convert|100|m|ft}} above the Sea of Japan, and offers views of the rugged coast and mountains of the Shakotan Peninsula. Cape Shakotan heads the scenic [[Shimamui Coast]], and is home to the [[Cape Shakotan Lighthouse]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.japan-i.jp/explorejapan/hokkaido/doo-otaru-niseko/otaru-niseko/d8jk7l000002l51x.html | title = Cape Shakotan | year = 2008 | publisher = Japan-i | location = Tokyo | |
*'''Cape Shakotan''' is located at the north of Shakotan. Irika area and its fishing port sit near the cape. Cape Shakotan rises over {{Convert|100|m|ft}} above the Sea of Japan, and offers views of the rugged coast and mountains of the Shakotan Peninsula. Cape Shakotan heads the scenic [[Shimamui Coast]], and is home to the [[Cape Shakotan Lighthouse]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.japan-i.jp/explorejapan/hokkaido/doo-otaru-niseko/otaru-niseko/d8jk7l000002l51x.html | title = Cape Shakotan | year = 2008 | publisher = Japan-i | location = Tokyo | access-date = Aug 21, 2012}}</ref> |
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*'''Cape Kamui''' is located at the west of Shakotan. The Yobetsu area and its fishing port sit near the cape. Cape Kamui is designated a Prefectural Natural Landscape by Hokkaido. Its lighthouse, the [[Cape Kamui Lighthouse]], overlooks the Sea of Japan. |
*'''Cape Kamui''' is located at the west of Shakotan. The Yobetsu area and its fishing port sit near the cape. Cape Kamui is designated a Prefectural Natural Landscape by Hokkaido. Its lighthouse, the [[Cape Kamui Lighthouse]], overlooks the Sea of Japan. |
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Three short rivers cut through the town. The [[Uendo River|Uendo]], the [[Isanai River|Isanai]], and the [[Ōtaki River|Ōtaki]] flow north from Mount Shakotan and form the [[Shakotan River]], which flows into the Japan Sea.<ref name="shakotandake" /> Smaller rivers includes the [[Bikuni River|Bikuni]] and the [[Yobetsu River|Yobetsu]].<ref name="n" /> |
Three short rivers cut through the town. The [[Uendo River|Uendo]], the [[Isanai River|Isanai]], and the [[Ōtaki River|Ōtaki]] flow north from Mount Shakotan and form the [[Shakotan River]], which flows into the Japan Sea.<ref name="shakotandake" /> Smaller rivers includes the [[Bikuni River|Bikuni]] and the [[Yobetsu River|Yobetsu]].<ref name="n" /> |
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===Climate=== |
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The climate of Shakotan is similar to that of other Japanese coastal areas along the Sea of Japan. The town, however, receives more precipitation than other coastal areas of Hokkaido.<ref name="yogai" /> From spring to summer Shakotan town is warm with numerous sunny days. Winters are severe, with strong winds and heavy snowfall. The coast of Shakotan is battered by strong waves throughout the winter. Level areas of the Shakotan are generally covered with snow from mid-November to mid-April.<ref name="koen" /> |
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{{Weather box|width=auto |
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|location = [[:ja:美国町|Estados Unidos]], Shakotan, Hokkaido (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present) |
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|single line = Y |
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|metric first = Y |
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|Jan record high C = 8.4 |
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|Feb record high C = 12.0 |
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|Mar record high C = 15.4 |
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|Apr record high C = 25.6 |
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|May record high C = 33.7 |
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|Jun record high C = 31.3 |
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|Jul record high C = 34.0 |
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|Aug record high C = 35.2 |
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|Sep record high C = 33.4 |
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|Oct record high C = 25.3 |
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|Nov record high C = 19.9 |
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|Dec record high C = 14.1 |
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|Jan record low C = -17.1 |
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|Feb record low C = -17.8 |
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|Mar record low C = -13.6 |
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|Apr record low C = -8.0 |
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|May record low C = -2.5 |
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|Jun record low C = 1.6 |
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|Jul record low C = 5.9 |
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|Aug record low C = 8.8 |
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|Sep record low C = 2.3 |
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|Oct record low C = -2.7 |
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|Nov record low C = -9.7 |
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|Dec record low C = -14.7 |
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|Jan high C = -1.2 |
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|Feb high C = -0.5 |
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|Mar high C = 3.3 |
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|Apr high C = 9.7 |
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|May high C = 16.6 |
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|Jun high C = 20.3 |
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|Jul high C = 23.9 |
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|Aug high C = 25.3 |
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|Sep high C = 21.9 |
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|Oct high C = 15.4 |
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|Nov high C = 7.5 |
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|Dec high C = 0.8 |
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|Jan mean C = -4.0 |
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|Feb mean C = -3.5 |
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|Mar mean C = -0.1 |
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|Apr mean C = 5.5 |
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|May mean C = 11.4 |
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|Jun mean C = 15.2 |
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|Jul mean C = 19.4 |
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|Aug mean C = 20.5 |
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|Sep mean C = 16.6 |
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|Oct mean C = 10.3 |
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|Nov mean C = 3.6 |
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|Dec mean C = -2.2 |
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|Jan low C = -7.4 |
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|Feb low C = -7.3 |
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|Mar low C = -4.1 |
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|Apr low C = 0.7 |
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|May low C = 5.9 |
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|Jun low C = 10.2 |
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|Jul low C = 15.0 |
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|Aug low C = 16.0 |
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|Sep low C = 11.5 |
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|Oct low C = 5.2 |
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|Nov low C = -0.3 |
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|Dec low C = -5.4 |
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|precipitation colour = green |
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|Jan precipitation mm = 203.0 |
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|Feb precipitation mm = 145.2 |
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|Mar precipitation mm = 119.2 |
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|Apr precipitation mm = 96.2 |
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|May precipitation mm = 82.5 |
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|Jun precipitation mm = 60.3 |
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|Jul precipitation mm = 123.6 |
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|Aug precipitation mm = 169.7 |
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|Sep precipitation mm = 208.6 |
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|Oct precipitation mm = 193.8 |
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|Nov precipitation mm = 246.6 |
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|Dec precipitation mm = 252.1 |
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|year precipitation mm = 1899.4 |
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|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |
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|Jan precipitation days = 25.3 |
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|Feb precipitation days = 21.2 |
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|Mar precipitation days = 17.6 |
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|Apr precipitation days = 12.5 |
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|May precipitation days = 11.0 |
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|Jun precipitation days = 8.0 |
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|Jul precipitation days = 9.8 |
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|Aug precipitation days = 10.8 |
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|Sep precipitation days = 13.5 |
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|Oct precipitation days = 16.1 |
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|Nov precipitation days = 20.0 |
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|Dec precipitation days = 24.3 |
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|Jan sun = 26.4 |
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|Feb sun = 41.4 |
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|Mar sun = 97.1 |
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|Apr sun = 169.7 |
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|May sun = 199.5 |
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|Jun sun = 163.1 |
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|Jul sun = 148.0 |
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|Aug sun = 157.7 |
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|Sep sun = 149.8 |
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|Oct sun = 120.8 |
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|Nov sun = 54.6 |
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|Dec sun = 22.5 |
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|year sun = 1350.5 |
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|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web |
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| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=16&block_no=0051&year=&month=&day=&view= |
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|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値） |
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| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]] |
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| access-date = March 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=16&block_no=0051&year=&month=&day=&view= |
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|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値） |
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| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]] |
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| access-date = March 4, 2022}}</ref>}} |
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===Fauna and flora=== |
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[[File:積丹半島エゾカンゾウの群落7030311.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Ezokanzō]]'', a lily species]] |
[[File:積丹半島エゾカンゾウの群落7030311.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Ezokanzō]]'', a lily species]] |
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Shakotan has large tracts of unspoiled natural areas. [[Gyōja garlic]], [[taranome]], and [[Aralia cordata|udo]], all parts of traditional [[Japanese cuisine]], are gathered in the wild during spring in Shakotan. A lily species, the ''[[ezokanzō]]'', blooms on the Shimamui Coast in summer.<ref name="kanko" /> |
Shakotan has large tracts of unspoiled natural areas. [[Gyōja garlic]], [[taranome]], and [[Aralia cordata|udo]], all parts of traditional [[Japanese cuisine]], are gathered in the wild during spring in Shakotan. A lily species, the ''[[ezokanzō]]'', blooms on the Shimamui Coast in summer.<ref name="kanko" /> |
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Shakotan is noted for its population of brown bears, which live in the mountainous areas of the town. The [[Ezo deer]] and [[Hokkaido squirrel]], both native to Hokkaido, are also found in Shakotan. Populations of [[Pinniped|seal]]s and [[sea lion]]s both inhabit the coastal areas of Shakotan.<ref name="kanko" /> |
Shakotan is noted for its population of brown bears, which live in the mountainous areas of the town. The [[Yezo sika deer|Ezo deer]] and [[Hokkaido squirrel]], both native to Hokkaido, are also found in Shakotan. Populations of [[Pinniped|seal]]s and [[sea lion]]s both inhabit the coastal areas of Shakotan.<ref name="kanko" /> |
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==Neighboring municipalities== |
===Neighboring municipalities=== |
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*Shiribeshi Subprefecture |
*Shiribeshi Subprefecture |
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| Line 168: | Line 246: | ||
**[[Kamoenai, Hokkaido|Kamoenai]], [[Furuu District, Hokkaido|Furuu District]]<ref name="chimei" /> |
**[[Kamoenai, Hokkaido|Kamoenai]], [[Furuu District, Hokkaido|Furuu District]]<ref name="chimei" /> |
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==Neighborhoods |
===Neighborhoods=== |
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*{{Nihongo|Irika-chō|入舸町|}} |
*{{Nihongo|Irika-chō|入舸町|}} |
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| Line 179: | Line 257: | ||
*{{Nihongo|Horomui-chō|幌武意町|}} |
*{{Nihongo|Horomui-chō|幌武意町|}} |
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*{{Nihongo|Yobetsu-chō|余別町|}} |
*{{Nihongo|Yobetsu-chō|余別町|}} |
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*{{Nihongo|Raikishi-chō|来岸町|}}<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.post.japanpost.jp/cgi-zip/zipcode.php?pref=1&city=1014050 | script-title=ja:北海道積丹郡積丹町 | date = c. 2012 | publisher = Japan Post | location = Tokyo | language = |
*{{Nihongo|Raikishi-chō|来岸町|}}<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.post.japanpost.jp/cgi-zip/zipcode.php?pref=1&city=1014050 | script-title=ja:北海道積丹郡積丹町 | date = c. 2012 | publisher = Japan Post | location = Tokyo | language = ja |trans-title=Shakotan | access-date = Aug 27, 2012}}</ref> |
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==Climate== |
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The climate of Shakotan is similar to that of other Japanese coastal areas along the Sea of Japan. The town, however, receives more precipitation than other coastal areas of Hokkaido.<ref name="yogai" /> From spring to summer Shakotan town is warm with numerous sunny days. Winters are severe, with strong winds and heavy snowfall. The coast of Shakotan is battered by strong waves throughout the winter. Level areas of the Shakotan are generally covered with snow from mid-November to mid-April.<ref name="koen" /> |
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{{Weather box |
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|location = Bikuni, Town of Shakotan, Japan (1981-2010) |
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|metric first = yes |
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|single line = yes |
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|Jan high C = −1.3 |
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|Feb high C = −0.8 |
|||
|Mar high C = 2.8 |
|||
|Apr high C = 9.6 |
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|May high C = 15.9 |
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|Jun high C = 19.9 |
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|Jul high C = 23.4 |
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|Aug high C = 24.1 |
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|Sep high C = 21.3 |
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|Oct high C = 15 |
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|Nov high C = 7.3 |
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|Dec high C = 1 |
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|year high C = 11.65 |
|||
|Jan mean C = −4.2 |
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|Feb mean C = −3.7 |
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|Mar mean C = −0.4 |
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|Apr mean C = 5.5 |
|||
|May mean C = 10.9 |
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|Jun mean C = 14.9 |
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|Jul mean C = 19 |
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|Aug mean C = 20.5 |
|||
|Sep mean C = 16.1 |
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|Oct mean C = 10.0 |
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|Nov mean C = 3 |
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|Dec mean C = −2 |
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|year mean C = 7.5 |
|||
|Jan low C = −7.5 |
|||
|Feb low C = −7.3 |
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|Mar low C = −4.3 |
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|Apr low C = 0.9 |
|||
|May low C = 5.5 |
|||
|Jun low C = 9.7 |
|||
|Jul low C = 14.6 |
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|Aug low C = 16.0 |
|||
|Sep low C = 11.2 |
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|Oct low C = 5.1 |
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|Nov low C = −0.4 |
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|Dec low C = −5.3 |
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|year low C = 3.2 |
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|Jan sun = 25.9 |
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|Feb sun = 46.6 |
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|Mar sun = 98.3 |
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|Apr sun = 166.8 |
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|May sun = 199.7 |
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|Jun sun = 177.0 |
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|Jul sun = 150.0 |
|||
|Aug sun = 153.6 |
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|Sep sun = 141.9 |
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|Oct sun = 117.9 |
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|Nov sun = 55.2 |
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|Dec sun = 27.1 |
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|year sun = 1359.8 |
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|precipitation colour=green |
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|Jan precipitation mm = 220.1 |
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|Feb precipitation mm = 156.9 |
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|Mar precipitation mm = 122.7 |
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|Apr precipitation mm = 95.1 |
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|May precipitation mm = 87.7 |
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|Jun precipitation mm = 48.8 |
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|Jul precipitation mm = 105.6 |
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|Aug precipitation mm = 162.6 |
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|Sep precipitation mm = 203.6 |
|||
|Oct precipitation mm = 201.2 |
|||
|Nov precipitation mm = 240.7 |
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|Dec precipitation mm = 239.6 |
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|year precipitation mm = 1882.0 |
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|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=16&block_no=0051&year=&month=&day=&view= | script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値） : 美国 | publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] | location = Tokyo | language = Japanese | trans_title = Average weather, by year a month: Bikuni}}</ref> |
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|date=December 2011 |
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}} |
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==Population== |
==Population== |
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| Line 263: | Line 263: | ||
Shakotan is in a period of significant, ongoing [[population decline]] which mirrors that of other areas of rural Japan. |
Shakotan is in a period of significant, ongoing [[population decline]] which mirrors that of other areas of rural Japan. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|- |
|- |
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! Year !! Population |
! Year !! Population |
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| Line 298: | Line 298: | ||
===Festivals=== |
===Festivals=== |
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The town of Shakotan is home to several annual festivals. The Shakotan Soran Mikaku Festival is held in June in Bikuni. An enormous vat of a local hotpot is prepared throughout the day, followed by fireworks at night. The Fire Festival is held at [[Bikuni Shrine]] from July 5 to 6.<ref name="bikuni" /> A massive |
The town of Shakotan is home to several annual festivals. The Shakotan Soran Mikaku Festival is held in June in Bikuni. An enormous vat of a local hotpot is prepared throughout the day, followed by fireworks at night. The Fire Festival is held at [[Bikuni Shrine]] from July 5 to 6.<ref name="bikuni" /> A massive statue of a [[tengu]] is passed through fire as part of a [[Shinto]] cleansing ritual.<ref name="kanko" /> |
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==Recreation== |
==Recreation== |
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[[File:Shakotan spa 2011.JPG|thumb|right|Misaki no Yu Shakotan, an |
[[File:Shakotan spa 2011.JPG|thumb|right|Misaki no Yu Shakotan, an [[onsen]] hot spring hotel in Shakotan]] |
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Shakotan is a popular tourist destination. The three capes, Kamui, Ōgon, and Shakotan, are popular hiking destinations.<ref name="kanko" /> The peak of Mount Shakotan can be reached via numerous hiking trails, all beginning at Japan National Route 229.<ref name="kanko" /> The reef areas off the coast of Shakotan, noted for the deep blue color of the water, can be viewed via glass-bottomed boats from Bikuni Harbor.<ref name="jnto" /><ref name="kanko" /> Shakotan has a single primitive campground, the Hokkaido Notsuka Campsite, which is free and maintained by the town of Shakotan. The campsite is open from June through September.<ref name="kanko" /> Recreational fishing is popular in the town, and a swimming beach is open in the town briefly during the summer from June through August.<ref name="kanko" /> |
Shakotan is a popular tourist destination. The three capes, Kamui, Ōgon, and Shakotan, are popular hiking destinations.<ref name="kanko" /> The peak of Mount Shakotan can be reached via numerous hiking trails, all beginning at Japan National Route 229.<ref name="kanko" /> The reef areas off the coast of Shakotan, noted for the deep blue color of the water, can be viewed via glass-bottomed boats from Bikuni Harbor.<ref name="jnto" /><ref name="kanko" /> Shakotan has a single primitive campground, the Hokkaido Notsuka Campsite, which is free and maintained by the town of Shakotan. The campsite is open from June through September.<ref name="kanko" /> Recreational fishing is popular in the town, and a swimming beach is open in the town briefly during the summer from June through August.<ref name="kanko" /> |
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| Line 307: | Line 307: | ||
==Government== |
==Government== |
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Shakotan is administered from the town hall in Bikuni. The Shakotan Board of Education oversees the middle school, elementary schools, and community education centers of the town. The Shakotan Town Assembly, by law, can consist of 15 members; there are currently nine members of the assembly. Assembly members serve a four-year term. None are affiliated with a political party.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://town-shakotan.com/modules/pico/html/251.pdf | script-title=ja:積丹町行政機構図 | date = c. 2012 | publisher = Town of Shakotan | location = Shakotan, Hokkaido | language = |
Shakotan is administered from the town hall in Bikuni. The Shakotan Board of Education oversees the middle school, elementary schools, and community education centers of the town. The Shakotan Town Assembly, by law, can consist of 15 members; there are currently nine members of the assembly. Assembly members serve a four-year term. None are affiliated with a political party.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://town-shakotan.com/modules/pico/html/251.pdf | script-title=ja:積丹町行政機構図 | date = c. 2012 | publisher = Town of Shakotan | location = Shakotan, Hokkaido | language = ja |trans-title=Outline of the Administration of Shakotan| access-date = Aug 7, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://town-shakotan.com/modules/pico/content0048.html | script-title=ja:議会構成 | date = c. 2012 | publisher = Town of Shakotan | location = Shakotan, Hokkaido | language = ja |trans-title=Shakotan Town Assembly | access-date = Aug 7, 2012}}</ref> |
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Shakotan has four post offices: one each in Bikuni, Nozuka, Irika, and Yobetsu. The town does not maintain a municipal police force. The regional police office, located in Yoichi, has branches serving the town of Shakotan in Bikuni, Irika, and Yobetsu. |
Shakotan has four post offices: one each in Bikuni, Nozuka, Irika, and Yobetsu. The town does not maintain a municipal police force. The regional police office, located in Yoichi, has branches serving the town of Shakotan in Bikuni, Irika, and Yobetsu. |
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| Line 315: | Line 315: | ||
There are no high schools or institutions of higher education in Shakotan. Two high schools are accessible by public transportation from Shakotan: the prefectural [[Hokkaidō Yoichi Kōshi High School]] and the private [[Hokuseigakuen Yoichi High School]], both in the nearby city of Yoichi. |
There are no high schools or institutions of higher education in Shakotan. Two high schools are accessible by public transportation from Shakotan: the prefectural [[Hokkaidō Yoichi Kōshi High School]] and the private [[Hokuseigakuen Yoichi High School]], both in the nearby city of Yoichi. |
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The Town of Shakotan Board of Education maintains one middle school: Bikuni Middle School |
The Town of Shakotan Board of Education maintains one middle school: Bikuni Middle School, and four elementary schools: Bikuni Elementary School, Hizuka Elementary School, Nozuka Elementary School, and Yobetsu Elementary School. The town maintains two nursery schools: Bikuni Nursery School and Minato Nursery School.<ref>{{cite book | url = http://town-shakotan.com/modules/pico/html/447.pdf | script-title=ja:教育行政に関する事務事業の執行状況の点検及び評価報告 |trans-title=Management, performance, and assessment of education administration | year = 2010 | publisher = Shakotan Board of Education | location = Shakotan, Hokkaidō | language = ja | format = PDF}}</ref> |
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==Transportation== |
==Transportation== |
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| Line 321: | Line 321: | ||
===Public transport=== |
===Public transport=== |
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Shakotan is not connected by rail to other areas of Hokkaido. The town is connected to nearby Otaru and the prefectural capitol Sapporo by [[Hokkaidō Chūō Bus Company]]. The Bikuni area of Shakotan can be reached by bus in 75 minutes from the [[Hokkaido Railway Company|JR Hokkaido]] [[Otaru Station]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://town-shakotan.com/modules/pico/content0033.html | script-title=ja:積丹町マップ | date = c. 2012 | publisher = Town of Shakotan | location = Shakotan, Hokkaido | language = |
Shakotan is not connected by rail to other areas of Hokkaido. The town is connected to nearby Otaru and the prefectural capitol Sapporo by [[Hokkaidō Chūō Bus Company]]. The Bikuni area of Shakotan can be reached by bus in 75 minutes from the [[Hokkaido Railway Company|JR Hokkaido]] [[Otaru Station]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://town-shakotan.com/modules/pico/content0033.html | script-title=ja:積丹町マップ | date = c. 2012 | publisher = Town of Shakotan | location = Shakotan, Hokkaido | language = ja |trans-title=Map of Shakotan | access-date = Aug 7, 2012}}</ref> |
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===Highways=== |
===Highways=== |
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| Line 329: | Line 329: | ||
==Noted places== |
==Noted places== |
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The [[Bikuni Shrine]] was founded in 1725 as Inari Shrine in the Kodomari area of Shakotan, and renamed Bikuni Shrine in 1892. In 1911 numerous other small Inari shrines in the Shakotan area were absorbed into Bikuni Shrine. In 1914 the shrine structures were moved in their entirety to their present-day location in the central Bikuni area of Shakotan. The festival of Bikuni Shrine is held annually from July 5 to 6.<ref name="kanko |
The [[Bikuni Shrine]] was founded in 1725 as Inari Shrine in the Kodomari area of Shakotan, and renamed Bikuni Shrine in 1892. In 1911, numerous other small Inari shrines in the Shakotan area were absorbed into Bikuni Shrine. In 1914 the shrine structures were moved in their entirety to their present-day location in the central Bikuni area of Shakotan. The festival of Bikuni Shrine is held annually from July 5 to 6.<ref name="kanko" /><ref name="bikuni">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei | title = 美国神社 | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | access-date = 2012-08-24 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | language = ja | trans-title = Bikuni Shrine | id = dlc 2009238904 | oclc = 173191044 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | archive-date = 2007-08-25 }}</ref> [[Kamui Shrine]], located in the hilly forested areas of Raikishi west of the port of Yobetsu, was established in the 19th century. The shrine, after absorbing several smaller Inari shrines around Yobetsu, was rebuilt in 1931 using [[Chamaecyparis obtusa|hinoki cypress]] from [[Aomori Prefecture]]. The festival of Kamui Shrine is held annually on July 17.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei | title = 神威神社 | url = http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | access-date = 2012-08-28 | year = 2012 | publisher = Shogakukan | location = Tokyo | language = ja | trans-title = Kamui Shrine | id = dlc 2009238904 | oclc = 173191044 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ | archive-date = 2007-08-25 }}</ref> |
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==Sister city== |
==Sister city== |
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| Line 338: | Line 338: | ||
==Footnotes== |
==Footnotes== |
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:A.{{Note|A}} |
:A.{{Note|A}}Cape Ōgon is also known as Cape Kannon; the latter name is less frequently used. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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| Line 345: | Line 345: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category-inline|Shakotan, Hokkaido|Shakotan, Hokkaidō}} |
{{Commons category-inline|Shakotan, Hokkaido|Shakotan, Hokkaidō}} |
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*[http://www. |
*[http://www.town.shakotan.hokkaido.jp/ Official Website] {{in lang|ja}} |
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*[http://www.town.shakotan.hokkaido.jp/ Town website] {{ja icon}} |
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{{Hokkaido}} |
{{Hokkaido}} |
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Latest revision as of 14:46, 31 August 2023
Shakotan
積丹町 | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 Cape Kamui, Shakotan, Hokkaidō | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Shakotan in Shiribeshi Subprefecture | |
  Shakotan | |
| Coordinates: 43°18′N 140°36′E / 43.300°N 140.600°E | |
| Country | Japan |
| Prefecture | Hokkaido |
| Area | |
| • Total | 238.20 km2 (91.97 sq mi) |
| Dimensions | |
| • Length | 24.1 km (15.0 mi) |
| • Width | 18.2 km (11.3 mi) |
| Population (September 30, 2016) | |
| • Total | 2,215 |
| • Density | 9.3/km2 (24/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) |
| Phone number | 0135-44-2111 |
| Address | 48 Funama, Bikuni-chō, Shakotan-chō, Shakotan-gun, Hokkaido 046-0292 |
| Climate | Dfb |
| Website | www |
Shakotan (積丹町, Shakotan-chō) is a town located in Shiribeshi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of September 2016, the town had a population of 2,215, and a density of 9.3 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 238.20 square kilometres (91.97 sq mi), and located 90 kilometres (56 mi) west of Sapporo, the capital and economic hub of Hokkaido.[1] Shakotan occupies the north of the Shakotan Peninsula. It was founded in 1869 as part of the short-lived Shiribeshi Province, which was dissolved in 1882 to become Hokkaido.[2][3] Shakotan, along with neighboring Otaru, is home to Japan's only national-level marine sanctuary.[4][5] Shakotan is home to the three great capes of the Shakotan Peninsula: Kamui, Shakotan, and Ōgon.[6]
Etymology[edit]
The name of the town originates from the word "ShakKotan" in the Ainu language. It is formed from two words, the first, "shak", meaning "summer", and the second, "kotan", meaning "village".[3][7]
In the Japanese language the name of the town is written with ateji, or kanji characters used to phonetically represent native or borrowed words. The first, 積, means to "store" or "accumulate", and the second, 丹, means "red" or "red earth". The meaning of the written form of Shakotan has no relationship to the meaning of "Shakotan" in the Ainu language.
History[edit]
Shakotan was first settled by the Japanese immigrants in the Edo period (1603 – 1868). The Tokugawa shogunate, the feudal rulers of Japan of the period, granted the Matsumae Clan rights to trade with the Ainu people in the southern Hokkaido region. With the decline of the fortune of samurai families during the Edo period, many chose to give up life as a warrior and migrate to Shakotan and other coastal areas of southern Hokkaido to farm and develop the rich herring industry.[3][6] The settlements on Shakotan were connected to the rest of Japan only by sea; the construction of roads across Hokkaido did not occur until the early 20th century. During the Bakumatsu (1853 – 1867), the final years of the Edo period, fishermen began using large nets to harvest herring. Shakotan developed a large population, rivaling that of nearby Otaru. A census taken in 1879 revealed that the Funama area of Shakotan consisted of 75 households, had a population of 350, 10 horses, a school, a temple, and three Shinto shrines. The census noted the catch of Pacific herring and salmon, as well as the gathering of abalone and konbu. Shakotan was connected to other areas of Hokkaido by steam ferry in 1892. By 1899 the town had a post and telegraph office, as well as a police station, a brothel, a shipping office, and a restaurant.[8] The era of the herring industry ended due to overfishing by 1917, and the population on the Shakotan Peninsula decreased rapidly.[3]
The modern town of Shakotan was formed in 1956 by a merger of the town of Bikuni and the villages of Irika and Yobetsu.[3][5]
Geography[edit]
The town of Shakotan is located on the north of the Shakotan Peninsula in western Hokkaido, and occupies one fourth of the area of the peninsula.[7] The border of the town is defined by the three great capes of the Shakotan Peninsula: Kamui, Shakotan, and Ōgon. The town faces the Japan Sea and has a long, scenic 42 kilometres (26 mi) sea coast. Much of the coast of Shakotan is faced by steep sea cliffs. The population of the town is concentrated in small villages along the coast. The interior of the town is rugged with little flat land, and is made up of the mountainous areas centered on the twin peaks of Mount Shakotan (1,255 metres (4,117 ft)) and Mount Yobetsu (1,298 metres (4,259 ft)).[3][5][6][8][9][10]
The entire coast of Shakotan is protected as part of Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Quasi-National Park. The park, established in 1962, covers 190 square kilometres (73 sq mi), and is managed by the prefectural government of Hokkaido. Shakotan's capes and dramatic Shimamui Coast are important parts of the park. The marine park of Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Quasi-National Park, located off the shore of Shakotan and Otaru, is the only designated marine sanctuary in the national parks system of Japan. Fishing is prohibited along the length of the marine sanctuary.[9][11][12]
Capes[edit]
The three major capes of the Shakotan Peninsula, Cape Kamui, Cape Shakotan, and Cape Ōgon, define the coast of the Shakotan Peninsula. All are located in the town of Shakotan, and numerous smaller capes dot the coastline of the town.[12]
- Cape Ōgon is located at the east of Shakotan. Bikuni area and its fishing port sit near the cape. Cape Ōgon is topped by a popular observation post which offers a panorama of the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan and the Shakotan Peninsula. The summit of Cape Ōgon can be reached by foot in only 10 minutes, making it a popular tourist destination in the summer.A[3][8][12][13]
- Cape Shakotan is located at the north of Shakotan. Irika area and its fishing port sit near the cape. Cape Shakotan rises over 100 metres (330 ft) above the Sea of Japan, and offers views of the rugged coast and mountains of the Shakotan Peninsula. Cape Shakotan heads the scenic Shimamui Coast, and is home to the Cape Shakotan Lighthouse.[14]
- Cape Kamui is located at the west of Shakotan. The Yobetsu area and its fishing port sit near the cape. Cape Kamui is designated a Prefectural Natural Landscape by Hokkaido. Its lighthouse, the Cape Kamui Lighthouse, overlooks the Sea of Japan.
Ports and harbors[edit]
Shakotan is home to four natural harbors and several small ports. Bikuni, Irika, and Yobetsu are active fishing ports.[6][8] Smaller ports in the town include Kōzaki, Iwanai, and Furubira. All the fishing ports of Shakotan were once thriving centers of Pacific herring production, but now remain as general fishing ports.[9]
Islands[edit]
The heavily forested Takara Island, with a coastline of 800 metres (2,600 ft), sits just beyond Cape Ōgon in the Bikuni area of Shakotan. Takara, meaning "treasure" in Japanese, was possibly given its name by fishermen who found rich shoals of herring around the island in the early 19th century.[6][8] The smaller Gome Island sits near Takara Island, and takes its name from its similarity in shape to the Gome seagull.[6]
Rivers[edit]
Three short rivers cut through the town. The Uendo, the Isanai, and the Ōtaki flow north from Mount Shakotan and form the Shakotan River, which flows into the Japan Sea.[10] Smaller rivers includes the Bikuni and the Yobetsu.[3]
Climate[edit]
The climate of Shakotan is similar to that of other Japanese coastal areas along the Sea of Japan. The town, however, receives more precipitation than other coastal areas of Hokkaido.[7] From spring to summer Shakotan town is warm with numerous sunny days. Winters are severe, with strong winds and heavy snowfall. The coast of Shakotan is battered by strong waves throughout the winter. Level areas of the Shakotan are generally covered with snow from mid-November to mid-April.[12]
| Climate data for Estados Unidos, Shakotan, Hokkaido (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
15.4 (59.7) |
25.6 (78.1) |
33.7 (92.7) |
31.3 (88.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
35.2 (95.4) |
33.4 (92.1) |
25.3 (77.5) |
19.9 (67.8) |
14.1 (57.4) |
35.2 (95.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.2 (29.8) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
3.3 (37.9) |
9.7 (49.5) |
16.6 (61.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
23.9 (75.0) |
25.3 (77.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
7.5 (45.5) |
0.8 (33.4) |
11.9 (53.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
5.5 (41.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
15.2 (59.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
20.5 (68.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
7.7 (45.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.4 (18.7) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
0.7 (33.3) |
5.9 (42.6) |
10.2 (50.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
3.3 (38.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.1 (1.2) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
1.6 (34.9) |
5.9 (42.6) |
8.8 (47.8) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−14.7 (5.5) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 203.0 (7.99) |
145.2 (5.72) |
119.2 (4.69) |
96.2 (3.79) |
82.5 (3.25) |
60.3 (2.37) |
123.6 (4.87) |
169.7 (6.68) |
208.6 (8.21) |
193.8 (7.63) |
246.6 (9.71) |
252.1 (9.93) |
1,899.4 (74.78) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 25.3 | 21.2 | 17.6 | 12.5 | 11.0 | 8.0 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 13.5 | 16.1 | 20.0 | 24.3 | 190.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 26.4 | 41.4 | 97.1 | 169.7 | 199.5 | 163.1 | 148.0 | 157.7 | 149.8 | 120.8 | 54.6 | 22.5 | 1,350.5 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[15][16] | |||||||||||||
Fauna and flora[edit]
Shakotan has large tracts of unspoiled natural areas. Gyōja garlic, taranome, and udo, all parts of traditional Japanese cuisine, are gathered in the wild during spring in Shakotan. A lily species, the ezokanzō, blooms on the Shimamui Coast in summer.[6]
Shakotan is noted for its population of brown bears, which live in the mountainous areas of the town. The Ezo deer and Hokkaido squirrel, both native to Hokkaido, are also found in Shakotan. Populations of seals and sea lions both inhabit the coastal areas of Shakotan.[6]
Neighboring municipalities[edit]
- Shiribeshi Subprefecture
Neighborhoods[edit]
- Irika-chō (入舸町)
- Kōzaki-chō (神岬町)
- Nishikawa-chō (西河町)
- Nojika-chō (野塚町)
- Hijika-chō (日司町)
- Bikuni-chō (美国町)
- Fumi-chō (婦美町)
- Horomui-chō (幌武意町)
- Yobetsu-chō (余別町)
- Raikishi-chō (来岸町)[17]
Population[edit]
Shakotan is in a period of significant, ongoing population decline which mirrors that of other areas of rural Japan.
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1970 | 6,102 |
| 1975 | 5,635 |
| 1980 | 4,910 |
| 1985 | 4,271 |
| 1990 | 4,012 |
| 1995 | 3,648 |
| 2000 | 3,149 |
| 2005 | 2,860 |
| 2010 | 2,514 |
| 2016 | 2,215 |
Economy[edit]
The fishing industry remains an important part of the economy of Shakotan. Shakotan is noted for its catch of sea urchin (uni), squid, Olive flounder, cod, and Alaska pollock.[3][6] Pork, beef, and dairy farms are located on the highland areas of the town, notably northwest of the Bikuni area of Shakotan. Small-scale farm products of the town include potatoes and kabocha, a Japanese winter squash.[3] Tourism is an important part of the economy of Shakotan, with most tourists visiting in the summer.[3] There is a single bank branch in Shakotan, the Bikuni Branch of the Hokkai Shinkin Bank.
Culture[edit]
The Sakura-masu Salmon Sanctuary Center, located near Cape Kamui on the Yobetsu River, is an information center built to explain the ecology of the Oncorhynchus masou, cherry salmon. The center features aquariums of sakuramasu at various stages of its development.[6] The Misaki-no-Ichiba is a traditional open-air Japanese market near Cape Shakotan. Fresh seafood and local vegetables are sold at the market from April through November. Shakotan is noted for its catch of uni, or sea urchins.[6]
Festivals[edit]
The town of Shakotan is home to several annual festivals. The Shakotan Soran Mikaku Festival is held in June in Bikuni. An enormous vat of a local hotpot is prepared throughout the day, followed by fireworks at night. The Fire Festival is held at Bikuni Shrine from July 5 to 6.[18] A massive statue of a tengu is passed through fire as part of a Shinto cleansing ritual.[6]
Recreation[edit]
Shakotan is a popular tourist destination. The three capes, Kamui, Ōgon, and Shakotan, are popular hiking destinations.[6] The peak of Mount Shakotan can be reached via numerous hiking trails, all beginning at Japan National Route 229.[6] The reef areas off the coast of Shakotan, noted for the deep blue color of the water, can be viewed via glass-bottomed boats from Bikuni Harbor.[4][6] Shakotan has a single primitive campground, the Hokkaido Notsuka Campsite, which is free and maintained by the town of Shakotan. The campsite is open from June through September.[6] Recreational fishing is popular in the town, and a swimming beach is open in the town briefly during the summer from June through August.[6]
Government[edit]
Shakotan is administered from the town hall in Bikuni. The Shakotan Board of Education oversees the middle school, elementary schools, and community education centers of the town. The Shakotan Town Assembly, by law, can consist of 15 members; there are currently nine members of the assembly. Assembly members serve a four-year term. None are affiliated with a political party.[19][20]
Shakotan has four post offices: one each in Bikuni, Nozuka, Irika, and Yobetsu. The town does not maintain a municipal police force. The regional police office, located in Yoichi, has branches serving the town of Shakotan in Bikuni, Irika, and Yobetsu.
Education[edit]
There are no high schools or institutions of higher education in Shakotan. Two high schools are accessible by public transportation from Shakotan: the prefectural Hokkaidō Yoichi Kōshi High School and the private Hokuseigakuen Yoichi High School, both in the nearby city of Yoichi.
The Town of Shakotan Board of Education maintains one middle school: Bikuni Middle School, and four elementary schools: Bikuni Elementary School, Hizuka Elementary School, Nozuka Elementary School, and Yobetsu Elementary School. The town maintains two nursery schools: Bikuni Nursery School and Minato Nursery School.[21]
Transportation[edit]
Public transport[edit]
Shakotan is not connected by rail to other areas of Hokkaido. The town is connected to nearby Otaru and the prefectural capitol Sapporo by Hokkaidō Chūō Bus Company. The Bikuni area of Shakotan can be reached by bus in 75 minutes from the JR Hokkaido Otaru Station.[22]
Highways[edit]
Japan National Route 229, a national highway of Japan, runs through the east of Shakotan and connects the town to Otaru and Esashi. Japan National Route 229 was completed in 1971.[3][11] Hokkaidō Prefectural Route 568 connects Funama and Mikuni, both within the town of Shakotan. Hokkaidō Prefectural Route 913 runs along the coastline of the Shakotan Peninsula between Nozuka and Fumi, and provides access to many sightseeing locations in the town, notably Cape Kamui.
Noted places[edit]
The Bikuni Shrine was founded in 1725 as Inari Shrine in the Kodomari area of Shakotan, and renamed Bikuni Shrine in 1892. In 1911, numerous other small Inari shrines in the Shakotan area were absorbed into Bikuni Shrine. In 1914 the shrine structures were moved in their entirety to their present-day location in the central Bikuni area of Shakotan. The festival of Bikuni Shrine is held annually from July 5 to 6.[6][18] Kamui Shrine, located in the hilly forested areas of Raikishi west of the port of Yobetsu, was established in the 19th century. The shrine, after absorbing several smaller Inari shrines around Yobetsu, was rebuilt in 1931 using hinoki cypress from Aomori Prefecture. The festival of Kamui Shrine is held annually on July 17.[23]
Sister city[edit]
The town of Shakotan has a sister city relationship with the city of Seaside, Oregon, in the United States.
Seaside, Oregon, in the United States
Footnotes[edit]
- A.^ Cape Ōgon is also known as Cape Kannon; the latter name is less frequently used.
References[edit]
- ^ 積丹町 [Town of Shakotan] (in Japanese). Shakotan, Hokkaido: Town of Shakotan. 2012. Retrieved Aug 16, 2012.
- ^ "積丹町" [Shakotan]. Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 56431036. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "積丹（町）". Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 153301537. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-08-12.
- ^ a b "Shakotan/Niseko". Tokyo: Japan National Tourism Organization. 2012. Retrieved Aug 21, 2012.
- ^ a b c d "北海道：後志支庁 ＞ 積丹町" [Hokkaidō, Shiribeshi Subprefecture, Shakotan]. Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 173191044. dlc 2009238904. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Shakotan Sightseeing Guide". Shakotan, Hokkaidō: Town of Shakotan. 2005. Retrieved Aug 18, 2012.
- ^ a b c 積丹町の概要 [Outline of Shakotan] (in Japanese). Shakotan, Hokkaido: Town of Shakotan. c. 2012. Retrieved Aug 7, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e "船澗村" [Funama]. Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 173191044. dlc 2009238904. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- ^ a b c "Shakotan Peninsula". Encyclopedia of Japan. Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 56431036. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- ^ a b "積丹岳". Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 153301537. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- ^ a b "ニセコ積丹小樽海岸国定公園" [Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Quasi-National Park]. Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 173191044. dlc 2009238904. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ a b c d ニセコ積丹小樽海岸国定公園 [Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Quasi-National Park] (in Japanese). Sapporo, Hokkaido: Hokkaido Government. 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
- ^ "Shakotan Town". Sapporo, Hokkaido: Hokkaido Government. 2012. Retrieved Aug 18, 2012.
- ^ "Cape Shakotan". Tokyo: Japan-i. 2008. Retrieved Aug 21, 2012.
- ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- ^ 北海道積丹郡積丹町 [Shakotan] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Japan Post. c. 2012. Retrieved Aug 27, 2012.
- ^ a b "美国神社" [Bikuni Shrine]. Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 173191044. dlc 2009238904. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-08-24.
- ^ 積丹町行政機構図 [Outline of the Administration of Shakotan] (PDF) (in Japanese). Shakotan, Hokkaido: Town of Shakotan. c. 2012. Retrieved Aug 7, 2012.
- ^ 議会構成 [Shakotan Town Assembly] (in Japanese). Shakotan, Hokkaido: Town of Shakotan. c. 2012. Retrieved Aug 7, 2012.
- ^ 教育行政に関する事務事業の執行状況の点検及び評価報告 [Management, performance, and assessment of education administration] (PDF) (in Japanese). Shakotan, Hokkaidō: Shakotan Board of Education. 2010.
- ^ 積丹町マップ [Map of Shakotan] (in Japanese). Shakotan, Hokkaido: Town of Shakotan. c. 2012. Retrieved Aug 7, 2012.
- ^ "神威神社" [Kamui Shrine]. Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 173191044. dlc 2009238904. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-08-28.
External links[edit]
Media related to Shakotan, Hokkaidō at Wikimedia Commons
- Official Website (in Japanese)
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